【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第二讲 冠词原卷

【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第二讲 冠词原卷

第二讲 冠词（原卷）‎ 考点分析 中考英语主要考查冠词的基本用法、零冠词的情况、习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。卷面中冠词所占分值约为 3-7分左右，一般分布在单选、完形填空、短文填空及写作中。近几年中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词a和an的区别，定冠词及零冠词。对冠词的习惯用法的考查是主要考点之一，所以对此类用法一定要熟记在心。另外在学习中，应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的理解、掌握，同时注意冠词活用的问题。做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词及泛指、特指等概念。预计2018年命题趋势仍可能是定冠词与不定冠词的区别和冠词的习惯用法。冠词是一种虚词，不能在句子中作独立成分，要用在名词的前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。它不能离开名词而单独存在，因此，可以说冠词就是名词的一种标志。在英语中，冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两种：不定冠词一般用于单数名词前，表示泛指；定冠词既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可)，又可修饰不可数名词，表示特指。‎ 知识梳理 ‎ ‎ 一、 冠词的分类 思维导图记知识点 英语中冠词有不定冠词a / an和定冠词the两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。‎ 冠词 分类 用法 举例说明 不定冠词 a 用在辅音开头的单数名词前面 a dog an 用在元音开头的单数名词的前面 an orange 定冠词 the 在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面 the apple/the apples 一、 不定冠词a / an的用法 思维导图记知识点 不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。‎ (1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。‎ 如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)‎ (2) ‎ 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。‎ 如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)‎ (3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。‎ 如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)‎ (4) 表示“一”这个数量。‎ 如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)‎ (5) 几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声)等等。‎ 二、 定冠词the的用法 思维导图记知识点 定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。‎ ‎1、定冠词的基本用法：‎ (1) 表示特指的人或事物。‎ 如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)‎ (2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。‎ 如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)‎ (3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。‎ 如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)‎ (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。‎ 如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)‎ (5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。‎ 如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)‎ (6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。‎ 如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) ‎ ‎ Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)‎ (7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。‎ 如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)‎ (1) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。‎ 如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从没有去过喜马拉雅山)‎ (2) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。 ‎ 如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国)‎ (3) 用在姓氏之前表示一家人。‎ 如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林家要去峨眉山)‎ (4) same之前一般用the。‎ 如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)‎ ‎(12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 ‎ ‎2、一些不用冠词的情况：‎ ‎(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。‎ 如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) ‎ ‎ Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) ‎ ‎(2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。‎ 如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)‎ ‎(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。‎ 如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.‎ ‎ They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)‎ (4) ‎ (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。‎ 如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)‎ (5) 三餐饭前不用。‎ 如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)‎ (6) 节、假日前一般不用。‎ 如：On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)‎ (7) 球类名词前不用。‎ 如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)‎ (8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。‎ 如：They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)‎ (5) 一些习惯用语中不用。‎ 如：(1)at / to / from / out of / after / for school; (2) in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of ‎ 考点突破 考点一：不定冠词a / an的用法 典例1：（2018天津）21. There Is ____old piano in ______corner of the living room.‎ A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考查冠词。单词 old 为元音因素开头，因此表示“一个”需要使用不定冠词 an，而后面的位置表示在客厅的角落里，使用词组 in the corner of， 因此需加 the。‎ 举一反三 ‎（ ）1.（2018江苏省连云港）1. Zanco, American tech company, made tiniest phone in the world-the Tiny 11.‎ A. the; a B. an; / C. /; a D. an; the ‎（ ）2.（2018重庆）21. I believe that _________ apple a day keeps the doctor away.‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎（ ）3.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)1. There will be______talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.‎ A. the B. an C. a D. /‎ 考点二：定冠词the的用法 ‎ 典例2、(2018·浙江温州) 1.—This photo makes me think of _______ trip to the Great Wall last year.‎ ‎—Yeah, we had a great time there.‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意：—这张照片使我想起去年去长城的旅游。—对，我们在那儿玩得很开心。 特指去长城的旅游，用定冠词the。故选C。‎ 举一反三 ‎（ ）1.(2018·四川达州) 21.—Do you like _________ movie Dangal?‎ ‎—Yes. It’s________ educational movie. I like it very much.‎ A. the, an B. a, an C. a，the D. the, a ‎（ ）2.(2018·四川南充) 21. —Who’s _______ boy under the tree?‎ ‎—Bill. He’s _______ active boy.‎ A. a, an B. a, the C. the, a D. the, an ‎（ ）3.(2018•天津) 21. Shenzhen is on ____ coast near Hong Kong. It was _____ small village many years ago. ‎ A. a; the B. the; a C. 不填; 不填 D. the; the ‎ ‎（ ）4.(2018·甘肃白银、武威)6. moon is very bright at night.‎ A.A B. An C.The D./‎ 考点三：零冠词的用法 ‎ 典例1：(2018·湖南永州)21. Do you have ____ lunch at school on weekdays, Scott?‎ A. a B. the C. /‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查冠词辨析。句意：斯科特，你平日在学校吃午饭吗? 一日三餐前不用冠词。故选C。‎ 举一反三 ‎（ ）1、（2018•黔南州）---Mary，who's_____woman over there？‎ ‎---She's my aunt，____English teacher．‎ A．the；the B．a；the C．a；an D．the；an ‎（ ）2、（2018•泰州）When leaders of Chinese mainland（大陆）and Taiwan met in Singapore for_____first time since 1949，President Xi said，"Today will be remembered in______history．"‎ A．the；the B．the；/ C．/；/ D．/；the ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】第一空后为序数词，其前必须加the，第二空后是单词history，它和in 搭配意思是历史上，是固定搭配，故in和history间什么也不填，故答案为B ‎（ ）3.（2018•荆门）---Do you know____girl with long curly hair？‎ ‎---Yes．She is Mary．She plays____piano very well．‎ A．a；/ B．the；/ C．the；the D．a；the 真题在线 ‎（ ）1.（2018天津）21. There Is ____old piano in ______corner of the living room.‎ A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a ‎（ ）2.（2018江苏省连云港）1. Zanco, American tech company, made tiniest phone in the world-the Tiny 11.‎ A. the; a B. an; / C. /; a D. an; the ‎（ ）3.（2018重庆）21. I believe that _________ apple a day keeps the doctor away.‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎（ ）4.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)1. There will be______talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.‎ A. the B. an C. a D. /‎ ‎（ ）5.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)2. The Dragon Boat Festival falls_________ May or June every year.‎ A. in B. on . C. at D. between ‎（ ）6.（2018 湖南郴州）1. ---My daughter seldom has breakfast.‎ ‎---It’s ________unhealthy habit. Breakfast is very important to health.‎ A. a B. an C. the ‎（ ）7.（2018上海）27. Hurry up! The concert will begin in_________ minute.‎ A. a B. an C.the D./‎ ‎（ ）8.（2018甘肃白银）6. The man is driving at 40 kilometres_________ hour.‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎（ ）9.（2018 河南省）21. Are you going to_____ football match tonight?‎ 一1 wish I could, but I'm meeting _____ VIP from Oklahoma.‎ A an; an B. an; a C. the; an D. the; a ‎（ ）10.（2018四川宜宾）2. Every morning he spends hour doing exercise, then he goes to work.‎ A. an; B. a; a C. a; ‎ ‎（ ）11.(2017·湖南常德) 21.—What's this?‎ ‎—It's ________ watch. ‎ A. a B. an. C. the ‎（ ）13.(2017·广东省)26. I went to _______ supermarket to buy _______ birthday gift for my aunt yesterday. ‎ A. an; a B. a; a C. the; / D. /; the ‎（ ）14.(2017·甘肃天水) 26. —Do you know how to spell __________ word “napkin” (纸巾) in English?‎ ‎—Yes. It begins with ___________ “n”.‎ A. the, a B. the; an C. a, an D. the, the ‎（ ）15.(2017·浙江温州) 1.—This photo makes me think of _______ trip to the Great Wall last year.‎ ‎—Yeah, we had a great time there.‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎（ ）16.(2017·四川达州) 21.—Do you like _________ movie Dangal?‎ ‎—Yes. It’s________ educational movie. I like it very much.‎ A. the, an B. a, an C. a，the D. the, a ‎（ ）17.(2017•四川成都) 31. I want to be engineer when I grow up.‎ A. a B. an C. the ‎（ ）18.(2017·四川乐山) 25.—Did you get up late this morning? ‎ ‎—Yes, so after ______ quick breakfast, I had to run to office. ‎ A. 不填 B. the C. a ‎ ‎（ ）19.(2017·四川南充) 21. —Who’s _______ boy under the tree?‎ ‎—Bill. He’s _______ active boy.‎ A. a, an B. a, the C. the, a D. the, an ‎（ ）20.(2017•天津) 21. Shenzhen is on _______ coast near Hong Kong. It was _______ small village many years ago. ‎ A. a; the B. the; a C. 不填; 不填 D. the; the ‎ ‎（ ）21.(2017·甘肃白银、武威)6. moon is very bright at night.‎ A.A B. An C.The D./ ‎ ‎（ ）22.（2017·湖北随州） Lang Lang is _____ famous pianist. He plays _____ piano very well.‎ A. a; the B. the; the C. the; / D. a，/‎ ‎（ ）23. (2017·湖南邵阳) This is ________ interesting story for the kids.‎ A. an B. a C. /‎ ‎（ ）24.（2017•湖南湘潭）21. It is very useful to read English aloud for half hour every day.‎ A. a B. an C. the ‎（ ）25.(2017·湖南益阳) 21. I bought ______ useful dictionary yesterday. ______ dictionary is very cheap. ‎ A. a; A B. a; The C. an; The ‎ ‎（ ）26.(2017·湖南永州)21. Do you have ____ lunch at school on weekdays, Scott?‎ A. a B. the C. /‎ ‎（ ）27.(2017·湖南岳阳) 21. —Ben, is physics your favorite subject?‎ ‎ —Yes, and it is important one.‎ A. a B. the C. an ‎（ ）28.(2017•湖南株洲) 26. I ordered a hamburger and salad. hamburger was nice but the salad was not delicious.‎ A. An B. The C. A ‎（ ）29.(2017·江苏连云港) 1. Donald Trump,________ 71 -year-old businessman, was chosen_______ President of the US last year.‎ A. a; a B. a; / C. the, a D. the; the ‎（ ）30.(2017·江苏泰州) 1. Dangal (《摔跤吧！爸爸》), ______ Indian film, has become one of ______ most popular films in China.‎ A. a; / B. a; the C. an; the D. /; the ‎（ ）31、（2016•黑龙江）-Who is ______ girl behind the tree？‎ ‎-Which one？The one with ______ umbrella？‎ A．a； the B．the； an C．the； a ‎（ ）32、（2016•绵阳）Jason likes ______ shape of the cake．It is ______ heart．‎ A．the； a B．a； the C．the； the D．a； a ‎（ ）33、（2016•黔南州）---Mary，who's_____woman over there？‎ ‎---She's my aunt，____English teacher．‎ A．the；the B．a；the C．a；an D．the；an ‎（ ）34、（2016•泰州）When leaders of Chinese mainland（大陆）and Taiwan met in Singapore for_____first time since 1949，President Xi said，"Today will be remembered in______history．"‎ A．the；the B．the；/ C．/；/ D．/；the ‎（ ）35、（2016•雅安）Beijing is capital of China．‎ A．a B．an C．the D．/‎ ‎（ ）36、（2016•黔东南州）Jim has____useful book．____book is very interesting．‎ A．the；A B．an；A C．a；The D．an；The ‎（ ）37、（2016•河南）---Kate，are you only child in your family？‎ ‎---Yes，but new baby is on the way．‎ A．a； the B．an； the C．the； a D．the； the ‎（ ）38、（2016•宿迁）---Have you read a book called"The Merchant of Venice"？‎ ‎---Yes．_______ book is very interesting．‎ A．An B．A C．The D．/‎ ‎（ ）39、（2016•威海）---Would you please turn off___TV？‎ ‎---OK，just a moment．‎ A．a B．an C．the ‎（ ）40、（2016•连云港）-Dong Guijun is _____ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma．‎ ‎-He is _____ pride of us．‎ A．the；/ B．a； the C．the； the D．a；/‎ ‎（ ）41、（2016•荆门）---Do you know____girl with long curly hair？‎ ‎---Yes．She is Mary．She plays____piano very well．‎ A．a；/ B．the；/ C．the；the D．a；the ‎（ ）42、（2016•株洲）She went to a European university to study art．_______university is really amazing．‎ A．An B．The C．A ‎（ ）43、（2016•安顺）---Do you know ________woman in red？‎ ‎---Yes，she is a professor of ______ Anshun College．‎ A．the；/ B．a；/ C．the；an D．the；the ‎（ ）44、（2016•淮安）Jack often plays _____ piano and he wants to be a pianist when he grows up．‎ A．a B．an C．/ D．the ‎（ ）45、（2016•齐齐哈尔）-What's matter with you？‎ ‎-I have fever．‎ A．an，the B．the，/ C．the，a ‎（ ）46、（2016•黄石）-What did you do last night，Bob？‎ ‎-First I did my hom ework，and then I played ______ piano for half ______ hour．‎ A．the；a B．/；an C．the；an D．a；the ‎（ ）47.（2016•桂林）David plays football but he doesn't play piano ‎ A．，the AB．the， C．a，the ‎（ ）48、（2016•郴州）-When is Father's Day in the United States？‎ ‎-It's on ___________third Sunday in June．‎ A．a B．the C．/‎ ‎（ ）49、（2016•滨州）In Chinese， date 5-20has a similar pronunciation to"I love you"，making it ______lucky and romantic day．‎ A．a； the B．/； a C．the； a D．a；/‎ ‎（ ）50、（2016•达州）---Look!Who's______girl under the tree？‎ ‎---Oh，she is my sister，Kate．She is_____honest girl．‎ A．the；an B．a；the C．the；a D．an；the 模拟演练 ‎（ ）1.（山东东营模拟）What good weather﹗We can see        sun in        blue sky. ‎ A. a; the         B. the; a             C. a; a            D. the; the ‎（ ）2.（重庆模拟）John is ____ honest boy. Everyone likes to be friends with him. ‎ A. a              B. an               C. the             D. ／‎ ‎（ ）3.（四川南充模拟）—Where do ____ Smiths spend their weekends? —They often go to play on ________ same beach. ‎ A. the;the           B. a;the              C. the;an         D. a;an ‎（ ）4.（四川宜宾模拟）—I know ______ dogs like barking. —You are right. Look ! _______ dogs are shouting angrily over there. ‎ A. the; the        B. /; /                  C. the; /           D. /; the ‎（ ）5.（上海模拟）What        good weather!Let's have        quick breakfast and then go to the park. ‎ A. 不填;不填          B. 不填;a              C. a; a                D. a;不填 ‎（ ）6.（四川成都模拟）Do you think computers will take _____place of teachers in the classroom in the future? ‎ A. an              B. in               C. the                D. /‎ ‎（ ）7.（天津模拟）—Sponge Bob is ________ interesting TV drama that children like watching. —So it is. And it's also ________ funny drama. ‎ A. the; a       B. an; a          C. an; an      D. an; the ‎（ ）8.（湖南郴州模拟）After a long journey, the old man sat down and had          short rest. ‎ A. a                  B. an             C. the                    D. /‎ ‎（ ）9.（甘肃白银市模拟）Recently, Jimmy wrote ___________ article about the difference between the first school day in ___________ US and China and got many followers on WeChat. ‎ A. a; the                 B. an; the                     C. the; the           D. the; /‎ ‎（ ）10.（山东临沂模拟）—Where did you go on       Children's Day? —I went to Chengdu and had       dinner with my sister. ‎ A. the, the                      B. a, /                             C. /, the          D. /, /‎ ‎（ ）11.（浙江温州模拟）Koizumi is        Asian while Tony Brown is          European. ‎ A. a; an              B. an; an             C. a; a              D. an; a ‎（ ）12.（山东潍坊模拟）I only had          egg ad some milk for breakfast today. ‎ A. a                 B. an                   C. the                 D. /‎ ‎（ ）13.（山东青岛模拟）It is said there'll be        talk on teenage problems next Monday. ‎ A. a             B. an               C. the               D. /‎ ‎（ ）14.（甘肃武威模拟）I still remember there used to be _______ underground cave. My friends and I often had fun in_______ 18-foot-deep cave. ‎ A.an; the B.a; the C.an; an D.a; an ‎（ ）15.（江苏宿迁模拟）It's a pity that now in some areas, the rich are becoming richer, and ______. ‎ A. the poor the poor    B. poor poor       C. the poor poorer             D. poor the poorer ‎（ ）16.（河南模拟）My uncle has two children, a son and a daughter. The son is ______ English teacher and______ daughter is a nurse. ‎ A. a, the             B. an, the                   C. the, a                    D. an, a ‎（ ）17.（四川达州模拟）It took him half        hour to finish        homework yesterday. ‎ A. a; an                     B. an; the                   C. a; the ‎（ ）18.（贵州安顺模拟）—Do you know the man with ________ book in his hand? —Yes, he is my uncle. He is ________ engineer. ‎ A. a;an                B. a;the                       C. the;a                                   D. the;an ‎（ ）19.（新疆乌鲁木齐模拟）—____70-year-old Donald Trump won ______ numbers of voters than expected. —It's really amazing. ‎ A. A, few        B. The, larger                C. A, more              D. The , less ‎（ ）20.（内蒙呼和浩特模拟）In __ eyes of some children, playing on the Internet can only bring them____ fun. ‎ A. the; a            B. /; a              C. the; /                 D. /; /‎