动词和动词短语《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）

动词和动词短语《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）

【2019 •广西贵港中考】—Joe， don't eat too much ice-cream． —OK， mom．But it really good． A．feels B．looks C．tastes D．sounds 【参考答案】C 【试题解析】feel 感觉起来；look 看起来；taste 尝起来；sound 听起来；四个词都是感官动词，根据句子 里 don't eat too much ice-cream，不要吃太多冰淇淋可知冰淇淋是好吃的，用感官动词 taste。故选：C。 此题考查系动词的用法，准确把握语境并掌握住这几个词的含义和用法，是做这道题的关键。feel 感觉； taste 尝起来；sound 听起来；look 看起来。这几个词后面都跟形容词作表语。学生平时应注意积累常见系动 词的用法。 连系动词 分类 常用词 例句 表示主语的状态、 特征和身份等 be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)， feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻 起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来) He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。 She looks younger than before. 她看起来比 以前年轻。 表示主语从一种状 turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得 Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。 态到另一种状态， 但侧重于转变后的 结果 到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)， come(来)，prove(证明) After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。 表示主语保持某种 身份、特征或状态 不变 keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保 持)，continue(继续) The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。 Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观 时要保持安静。 【2019 •江苏省淮安】Those young firemen were brave enough to __________ the fire in the forest. A. work out B. put out C. hand out D. look out 【参考答案】B 【试题解析】句意：那些年轻的消防队员足够勇敢地扑灭了森林中的大火。A. work out 解出，算出；B. put out 熄灭；C. hand out 上交；D. look out 小心。根据 Those young firemen were brave enough 及 the fire in the forest. 可知是扑灭大火。根据题意，故选 B。 【2018·湖北黄冈中考】 —I find it difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it. —English is very important in our daily life. Never _____. A. give up it B. give it up C. give away it D. give it away 【参考答案】 B 【试题解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：—我发现英语很难学，我想放弃。—英语在我们的日常生活 中很重要……，由此推知后句意为“不要放弃。”give up 放弃；give away 赠送；背叛。据此推知 give up 符合 句意，give up 是动词加副词构成的短语，代词作其宾语必须位于 give up 之间。故选 B。 此题考查动词短语，掌握住这几个短语的含义是做这道题的关键。另外需要掌握住，动词短语中间 有代词时，代词需放中间。一般说来，在英语中，动词加上 on，in，off, over, back, up, down, away, out 等所 构成的短语都是＂动词+ 副词＂结构的动词词组。 此时须注意其宾语的位置：名词宾语既可放在短语中间，也可放在短语后面；但是人称代词宾语（宾 格）只能放在短语中间。 动副短语中的动词有的是及物动词，因此，后接宾语时不需要加介词，加上副词后，该副词可以进一 步说明动作的结果，从而，使得句意表达得更加准确。这些动副短语必须接宾语，但对其位置有一定的限 制，如果宾语是名词，既可以放在短语的中间，又可以放在短语的后面；如果宾语是代词，就只能放在两 词的中间了。 You’d better pick the students up before 7:00. 你最好在 7 点前把这些学生接上车。 Can you pick me up at 7:00? 你能在 7 点时接我吗？ 人称代词 me 做宾语要放在 pick 和 up 的中间。如果动副短语中的动词是不及物动词时，则该短语不可 以加宾语。例如，May I come in? 我可以进来吗？come 是不及物动词，所以，come in 后无宾语。 初中生应掌握的动副短语主要有： bring out 取出 cut down 砍倒 clean up 清扫，收拾干净 climb down/up 爬下/上 come back/go back 回来/回去 come round（走）过来 come out （花）开，出来 come over 顺便来访 eat up 吃光 fall asleep 睡着 fall behind 落后 fall down 跌倒 give back 退还 get back 取回 go out 外出 grow up 长大 hurry up 赶紧 knock down 击倒 look out 小心 look around 环顾，到处看 look up 查找 open up 开设，开放，开业 pass on 往前传递 put sth. down 把……放下来 put away 收拾好 put on 穿上 put up 举起 run away 逃跑，逃走 slow down 减缓，减速 set off 出 发，动身 turn on/off 打开/关上 turn up/down 调大/调小 take out 取 出 think over 考虑 take off 脱下，把……拿掉 take away 拿走 work out 算出 write down 记下 wash away 冲走 wake up 唤醒 【2019 •大庆中考】How long will it ____ you to fly to Beijing from your hometown? A. spend B. take C. pay D. use 【参考答案】B 【试题解析】句意：从家乡坐飞机到北京要花费你多长时间？A. spend 花费钱或时间，主语是人；B. take 常指花费时间，用在“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”这一句型中；C. pay 花费金钱，主语是人；D. use 使 用。本句考查的是“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”这一句型。故答案为 B。 本题考查易混动词辨析，考生掌握住 cost, pay, take 和 spend 的区别，就能做对这道题。四个单词均可 表示“花费”，但所用主语不同：cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it)，不能是人；pay 的主语只能是 人，常与 for 连用；spend 的主语也只能是人，构成 spend on sth.或 spend in doing sth.；take 的主语常常是形 式主语 it。 cost /pay/ take /spend 的区别： cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it)，不能是人； pay 的主语只能是人，常与 for 连用； spend 的主语也只能是人，构成 spend on sth.或 spend in doing sth.； take 的主语常常是形式主语 it。如： The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。 I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天来找你。 It took him an hour to write the letter. 他写这封信花了一个小时。 She paid 10 yuan for this book. 她买这本书花了 10 元钱。 【2019 •四川省达州市】—Can I _____________ Robinson Crusoe? Mrs. Zhao． —Sure，it's very interesting，but you can only ______________it for two weeks． A．borrow；lend B．lend；borrow C．borrow；keep D．lend；keep 【参考答案】C 【试题解析】borrow 借，强调借入，短暂性动词；lend 借，强调借出，短暂性动词；keep 也有借的意思， 强调保管，延续性动词；Can I borrow Robinson Crusoe？强调借入，所以用 borrow；由句子中的 for two weeks 第二个空应该用延续性动词 keep，故选：C。 做这道题的关键是掌握住 borrow，lend 和 keep 的用法区别： 【易混辨析】 lend 借出 非延续性动词，表示主语把东西借给别人，常用结构：lend sb sth 或 lend sth to sb borrow 借入 非延续性动词，表示主语向别人借东西，常用结构：borrow sth from sb keep 借(多久) 延续性动词，表示＂借某物多长时间＂，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用 【图解助记】 一、keep 作及物动词，意为＂使……保持（某种状态）＂、＂使得……＂时，常用于以下几种结构： 1. keep+宾语（由人或物充当）＋形容词。 Keep your hands clean. 手要保持干净。 2. keep＋宾语＋副词。 What have kept you awa for so long? 什么事使你离开这么久？ 3. keep＋宾语＋v-ing。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 4. keep＋宾语＋v-ed。 Keep the door clsed. 让门关着。 5. keep＋宾语＋介词短语。 Don’t keep your hands in your pockets. 不要把手插在口袋里。 二、keep 作及物动词，后接名词作宾语，构成动宾结构，意为＂保存＂、＂保留＂、＂记（日记等）＂、 ＂经营（商店等）＂、＂遵守（诺言等）＂之意。 I keep a diary in English.我用英文记日记。 She keeps a bllkstore.她经营一家书店。 Keep your word,please.请遵守你的诺言。 三、keep 作系动词，其后直接跟形容词、副词或介词短语作表语，构成系表结构，意为＂保持某一状态＂ Please keep quiet.请保持安静。 四、keep 后接动名词和宾语，表示连续不断地做某事。 The baby keeps crying all night. 那个婴儿哭了一夜。 1. 常见系动词的用法； 2. 修饰代词的动副短语的用法； 3. lie, lay, lie 的用法辨析； 4. borrow, lend, keep 的用法辨析。 1.【2019 •辽宁省本溪中考】—Look at the dark clouds， and the wind is blowing strongly． —It ______that a big storm is coming． A．sounds B．seems C．feels D．smells 2.【2019 •湖北省宜昌中考】—Did you the International Marathon in Lan Zhou on June 2, 2019? —Of course. How exciting! A. watch B. review C. suppose D. discover 3.【2019 •襄阳中考】— What does Huawei’s newest smartphone look like? — It’s wonderful! You can it in half just like closing a book. A. hand B. pass C. fold D. cut 4. 【2019 •河南中考】You can’t change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What _____ is what you do, not what you know. A. includes B. decides C. means D. matters 5.【2019 •南通中考】—Excuse me, can you teach me how to this new word? —No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully. A. prove B. pronounce C. prepare D. produce 6.【2019 •江苏省无锡中考】—I’m going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you don’t ___________. —Not at all. Go head. A. care B. agree C. mind D. insist 7.【2019 •海南省中考】—Would you please ______ your e-mail address? I missed it just now． —No problem．It's fox@163．com． A．repeat B．review C．record 8.【2019 •内蒙古呼和浩特中考】—Jack, let’s have a picnic after school. —Sorry. I have ______Frank to work on the biology report with him. A. Advise B. expected C. suggested 9.【2019 •湖北省宜昌中考】—Shall we________the things we don’t use to the people in need? —Good idea. A. put off B. set out C. get into D. give away 10.【2019 •湖北省宜昌中考】—About 20 million people in the world have no enough safe drinking water. —So we should how to deal with the problems of water. A. put on B. look after C. think about D. get on with 11.【2019 •贵州省安顺中考】—I don't think teachers should give too much homework to_______ the free time of students. —Exactly! A. give up B. take up C. look up D. put up 12.【2019 •四川省眉山中考】— What’s the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”? — Let me the words in the new dictionary. A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up 13.【2019 •江苏省南京中考】Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and _____which university is the best for her to attend． A．put out B．stay out C．find out D．run out 14.【2019 •广西北部湾经济区中考】John, please _________your dictionary from the schoolbag and look up the new word. A. take away B. take up C. take off D. take out 1. (安徽省桐城市第二中学 2019 届九年级下学期第三次模拟).After a week's discussion, they finally _____ these agreements. A. agreed to B. agreed on C. depended on D. took down 2. (广东珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部 2020 届九年级上学期 10 月调研）I love this song by Liang Bo. Would you mind ____ the TV a bit ? I can’t hear it clearly. A. turning on B. to turn off C. turning up D. turn up 3. (广东省江门市 2019-2020 学年度第一学期期中调研测试)—Jim, long time no see! Where have you ? —I Beijing with my parents. A. been; have gone to B. been, have been to C. gone; went D. gone; have gone to 4. (2019 年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟) Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can _______ any problem you face. A. put out B. hand out C. find out D. work out 5. (河南省南阳市内乡县 2019 届九年级中招一模) The strongest people are not always those who win, but those who don’t ________ when they lose. A. set up B. cheer up C. give up D. show up 6. (安徽省桐城市第二中学 2019 届九年级下学期第三次模拟) Jack __________ his father, because they are both easygoing. A. looks after B. looks like C. takes after D. looks up 7. (2019 年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考模拟)——What's wrong with Simon? He isn't at school today. ——His legs hurt. He was __________ by a motorcycle this morning. A. treated B. operated C. hit D. cured 8. (2019 年广西省北部湾经济区中考英语模拟) The boy has a good habit to _____ all the things in right places. A. put away B. put up C. take away D. take up 9. (2019 年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟)—What's wrong with Simon? He isn't at school today. — His legs hurt. He was __________ by a motorcycle this morning. A. treated B. operated C. hit D. cured 10. (安徽蚌埠局属 2019—2020 学年第一学期第二次联考) ——What do you think of the sofa? ——Not bad, but it may too much space of our living room. A. take up B .put up C .open up D .make up. 11. (安徽省淮西西区 2019—2020 学年第一学期期中) Though Huang Wenxiu lost his life in the accident, her family the things she did. A. take part in B. take an interest in C. take after D. take pride in 12. (安徽淮南 2019—2020 学年第一学期期中联考) When you don’t know a word, you can in a dictionary. A.look it over B.look up it C.look it down D.look it up 13.（湖北武汉新洲区 2019—2020 学年第一学期期中联考) He caught the thief by himself on the bus. All of us ______ him for his courage. A. enjoyed B. imagined C. admired D. warned 14.(人大附中 2019 年初三年级下学期质检题)—Are you going to _______ our English debating (辩论) team? —Yes，I am. A. take part in B. join C. join in D. attend