介词和介词短语《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）

介词和介词短语《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）

【2019 •安徽省】On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ____ the window. A. by B. for C. with D. from 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在晴朗的日子里，我的奶奶经常在窗户旁边读小说。by在……旁边；通过……方式；for为 了，因为；with和……一起；用；from来自……，从……。根据句意可知，这里考查短语by the window在窗 户旁边，故应选A。 此题中 stand by the window 站在窗户的旁边，by 表示＂在……旁边，在……附近＂。此题需要考生区 分 past，through，across 和 by 的区别，past 经过；through 穿过，指从事物内部通过；across 横穿，指从事 物的一边到了另一边；by 加地点名词，表示在……旁边。掌握住这几个词的区别，是做这道题的关键。 by 作为介词，有很多种意思，通过；被；依据；经由；在附近；在……之前。 by 通过……方法、手段 ＂by+交通工具＂的词组： by bicycle 骑自行车 by train 坐火车 by plane/by air 坐飞机 by taxi 坐出租车 by car 坐小汽车 by ship 坐船 by bus 坐公共汽车 【2019 •江苏无锡中考】Let’s take a walk ___________ the river after diner, shall we? A. along B. through C. upon D. over 【参考答案】A 【试题解析】句意：饭后我们沿河散步，好吗？A. along 沿着……的某处(或旁边)；B. through 穿过；C. upon 强调数目或数量大；D. over 悬在……上面。结合语境可知，应该是饭后我们沿河散步，故排除 C/D；along 表 示“沿着”，通常用于狭长的东西。through 表示“横过”或“穿过”，表示从某个空间内部“穿过”，涉及“体”的概 念。本题是指沿着河边散步。故选 A。 考生掌握住这几个词的用法和区别，就能做对这道题。outside 在……外面；inside 在……里面；beside 在……旁边；behind 在……后面。 in front of，behind，opposite in front of 在……的前面；在……的前部 ►There is a tree in front of the house. ►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 behind 在……后面 behind 是 in front of 的反义词 ►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。 ►There is a tree at the back of my house. 我家房子后面有一棵树。 opposite 在……对面 ►Our school is opposite a university. 我们学校在一所大学的对面。 ►He stood opposite me. 他站在我对面。 【2018•湖北十堰)】——Your sweater looks nice. Is it made of wool? —Yes, and it’s made ______ Shanghai. A. by B. in C. for D. from 【参考答案】B 【试题解析】考查介词的用法 句意：—你的毛衣看起来很漂亮。它是纯毛的？—是的，在上海制造的。表 示“在某地制造”用 be made in。故选 B。 此题考查 be made of 的用法，掌握住 be made of 和 be made in 的区别，是做这道题的关键。be made in 在……制造，后接地点名词，如 made in China，而 be made of 由……做成，后面跟的是材料名词。 be made from 和 be made of 的区别 be made from 和 be made of 都可以表示物体由什么材料制成，区别如下： be made from 表示材料时，一般表示物质做成这个物体时已经发生了化学变化，我们从物体的外观上已 看不出原来的材料，如： Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒由葡萄制成。（葡萄糖是由酒化酶的催化作用下发酵变成酒精的，已发生了 化学变化） Paper is made of wood. 纸张是由木头做成的。（纸中已看不出它的原材料是木头） Bread is made from flour. 面包由面粉做成。 be made of 表示材料，一般表示从物体的外观上看得出原来的材料，这些材料在做成这个物体时，只是 发生了一些物理变化，也可以用 be made out of 表示材料，如： This salad is made of cucumber and lettuce. 这种沙拉是由小黄瓜和莴苣做成的。 This pair of shoes is made of leather. 这双鞋子是由皮革做成的。 I made my bicycle out of four old ones. 我用四辆旧的自行车拼成了我的自行车。 介词 of 和 from 的区别 ①of（属于）……的；表示……的数量或种类 ►This is a map of china. 这是一幅中国地图。 ►Will you please give me a cup of tea? 请您给我一杯茶好吗？ ②from 来自（某地、某人）；以……起始（时间或地点） ►I’m from Nanjing. 我是南京人。 ►We work from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五上班。 【2019 •山东省滨州市】—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey. —You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad _________ your eyes. A. on B. in C. for D. with 【参考答案】C 【试题解析】句意：——长途旅行后我想看一整天的电视。——你不应该看电视太多。它对你的眼睛有害。 考查介词辨析。be bad for有害于，固定短语；根据You shouldn’t watch TV too much.可知看电视太多对眼睛 有害，故选C。 此题考生掌握住 be good at 和 be good in 的区别和用法，就能做对这道题了。be good at 擅长……，经常 指长期某一方面表现好；be good in 在……方面表现出色，往往表示某一次的效果。 be good at / be good with / be good to / be good for 的区别 be good 后接不同的介词，表达的意思也不同。 1）be good at 意为＂擅长……＂，后接名词、代词或 ving 形式。 I’m good at playing chess. 我擅长下象棋。 2）be good with 意为＂灵巧的；与……相处得好＂。 She is good with her hands. 她手很巧。 He is very good with the children. 他与这些孩子处得很好。 3）be good to 意为＂对……友好＂。 My friend was good to me when I was ill. 我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至。 4）be good for 意为 ＂对……有好处＂。 Eating more vegetables is good for your health. 多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。 at, on 与 in 的区别 at 常用于钟点（某时某刻）前或某些固定短语 中 at 8:00 在 8 点钟 at night 在晚上 on 常用于＂日期、星期几＂等具体某天前，也 用于具体某天的上午、下午或晚上前 on June 11th 在 6 月 11 日 on Friday 在星期五 in 常用于＂月、年、季节＂等前，也可用于一 天中的上午、下午或晚上前 in 2006 在 2006 年 in May 在五月 in winter 在冬天 in the morning 在早上 at 用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at lunch 在午饭时 at breakfast 早餐时 at noon 正午时 at night 在夜间 at that time 那时 at the moment 此刻，目前 at the same time 同时 at times 偶尔，有时 at nine 在九点钟 at first 开始的时候，起初 at last 最后 ►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 注意：表示时间的名词前有 this, last, next, every 等修饰时，其前面不加介词。 this morning 今天早上 last Monday 上周一 every week 每周 on 用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用 on） on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上 on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6 在 6 月 6 日 on May 4,2016 在 2016 年 5 月 4 日 on a cold night 在一个寒冷的夜晚 on that day 在那天 on Christmas Day 在圣诞节那天 on time 准时 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 ►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。 in 用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。 in the week 在这周 in the holiday 在假期中 in May 在五月 in 1995 在 1995 年 in summer 在夏季 in Spring 在春季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 in September, 1995 在 1995 年 9 月 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the 21st century 在二十一世纪 in time 及时 in an hour 一个小时后 in a minute 一会儿，立刻 ►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 ►People go skating in winter. 人们冬天去滑冰。 ►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？ 1. 介词 by 的用法； 2. 介词 inside 的用法； 3. 介词 of 和 from 的区别； 4. at, on 与 in 的区别。 1.【2019 •广西百色市】My brother joined the army_____September last year． A. on B. by C. at D. in 2.【2019 •凉山州】—Look, there is a cute bird, Mom. —It flew into our kitchen the window just now, Alex. A. across B. through C. above D. under 3.【2019 •湖北省咸宁市】—Thanks to our government, we can have a new library next week. — That’s great! And we will read books there____ a month. A. before B. in C. by D. until 4.【2019 •江苏省南京市】Xinhua Zidian, or the New Chinese Dictionary, was first published ______1953. A．on B．in C．at D．for 5.【2019 •四川省广元市】—What time do you usually get up? —________ 7:00. A. At B. In C. On 6.【2019 •河南省】—Shall I help you go the street, Grandpa? —No, thanks. I can manage it myself. A. on B. with C. across D. along 7.【2019 •吉林省】—Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore? —Go Center Street and you' ll find it. A. For B. along C. with 8.【2019 •南通市】It’s been 100 years since the May Fourth Movement took place May 4, 1919. A. for B. in C. at D. on 9.【2019 •天水市】Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races 9:00 a. m. the morning of June 7. A. at; in B. on; on C. on; in D. at; on 10.【2019 •广西贵港市】—Is Mr Green at school？ —Sorry, I don't know. But you can call him 340-5261． A．in B．With C．by D．at 11.【2019 •辽宁省本溪市】—Could you tell me how I can improve my English? —Sure. _______, you could speak it as much as possible. A．After all B．In the end C．By the way D．First of all 12.【2019 •内蒙古呼和浩特市】Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ________the windows. A. against B. across C. above D. below 1. (广东珠海市北大附中 2020 届九年级上学期 10 月调研) —I think it’s polite _________ the young to offer seats to the old. —Yeah, and it's necessary _______ us to do so. A. of; for B. of; of C. for; of D. for; for 2. (北京市上地实验学校 2019-2020 学年九年级上学期第二次统练）In America, Father’s Day is ________ the third Sunday of June. A. in B. of C. at D. on 3. (北京市西城区九年级模拟测试)Please wake me up _________ 5 o'clock. I have to catch the early train. A. at B. in C. on D. for 4. (2019 年广西省北部湾经济区中考英语模拟) The man tried several times to start the car and he succeeded ． A. in the past B. in the end C. at first D. at once 5. (河南省南阳市内乡县 2019 届九年级中招一模) E-tickets will be used for high-speed trains ________ the country in 2019. Passengers can enter the station by simply using their ID card. A. beside B. before C. across D. for 6. (安徽省桐城市第二中学 2019 届九年级下学期第三次模拟).Forcing yourself to do well ____ things _____ which you aren't good is not the best way to be successful. A. in, at B. in,in C. at, in D. at, at 7. (山东滨州部分学校 2019-2020 学年九年级上学期第一次月考).On April Fool’s Day , people enjoy playing tricks _________ their friends. A. for B. of C. in D. on 8. (北京市上地实验学校 2019-2020 学年九年级上学期第二次统练) In America, Father’s Day is ________ the third Sunday of June. A. in B. of C. at D. on 9. (广东省江门市 2019-2020 学年度第一学期期中调研) .___________ the Hope Project started, it has helped thousands of students return to school. A. For B. When C. Since D. Before 10. (珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部 2020 届九年级上学期 10 月)—I think it’s polite _________ the young to offer seats to the old. —Yeah, and it's necessary _______ us to do so. A. of; for B. of; of C. for; of D. for; for 11. （重庆忠县 2019—2020 学年上学期第二次联考试卷）—All of our classmates ______ Jack are going to the welcome party for foreign students on Saturday. —I guess that’s because he will have to join in the speech contest that day. A. with B. like C. besides D. except 12. (湖北武汉新洲区 2019—2020 学年上学期联考)—How do you learn English so well? —-________ chatting with my uncle in America on line. A. For B. By C. In D. With 13. (安徽淮南 2019—2020 学年上学期联考试卷)—How do you study _______ a test? —I study by working _______ my partner. A.for;with B.for;at C.about;by D.of;with 14. (安徽蚌埠 2019—2020 学年第一学期九年级第二次联考)Jack has something important to do this afternoon . so he can’t attend the meeting____. A. in person B. in silence C. in public D. in surprise.