19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16-4 阅读理解（议论文）（第01期）（解析版）

19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16-4 阅读理解（议论文）（第01期）（解析版）

‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 ‎（一）【2019 • 重庆市中考A卷】‎ Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.‎ Be calm(冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry can’t solve problems. Neither can a fight. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved(卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are winners in a fight.‎ Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say ＂stop＂ before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.‎ ‎____ Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem.‎ ‎1. The underlined word ＂attack＂ in Paragraph 3 means ＂_________＂ in Chinese.‎ A. 拥抱 B. 攻击 C. 阻止 D. 吸引 ‎2. Which of the following sentences can be put in the _________?‎ A. Face bravely. B. Join in a fight.‎ C. Learn to refuse. D. Talk to someone.‎ ‎3. The passage is written to _________.‎ A. help students keep away from fights B. warn students not to fight C. advise students to help each other D. encourage students to work hard ‎4. The passage is written in a/an _________ tone(语气).‎ A. sad B. angry C. serious D. crazy ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了几个方法。首先要冷静。其次，当有人在身后攻击你时，要大声喊。最后当别人喊你参与打架时，你要学会拒绝并劝说不要打架。‎ ‎1. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. 大的声音通常能使攻击者平静下来。attacker是名词＂攻击者＂的意思。去掉-er就是动词＂攻击＂。句子If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say ＂stop＂ before walking away. 中的attack是动词；该句的语境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻击你，那么在你离开之前，把手举到你身体前面，朝着那个人大声说＂停＂。因此单词attack，是＂攻击＂的意思。故选B。‎ ‎2. C【解析】细节理解题。A. Face bravely. 勇敢地面对。B. Join in a fight. 参加打架。C. Learn to refuse. 学着拒绝。D. Talk to someone. 和某人交谈。根据Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. 你的朋友可能会要求你参加一场打架。你要学会说＂不＂。帮助他打架可能对他没有真正的帮助。可知本段是介绍了要学会拒绝打架。故选C。‎ ‎3. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do. 学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？这是你能做的。可知，本文主要介绍了如何帮助学生远离打架。故选A。‎ ‎4. C【解析】推理判断题。A. sad悲哀的；B. angry生气的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据Be calm(冷静). 、Shout loudly.和Learn to refuse.可知，本文介绍了如何在学校里避免打架。因此语气应该是严肃的。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第1小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。‎ ‎（二）【2019 • 浙江省金华、义乌、丽水市】‎ In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why?‎ Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others. The more people follow an idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. It’s the social proof(社会认同感) that works.‎ The scientist Asch carried out an experiment. It shows how social proof can influence us. In a room, a man is shown Line 1, and next to it are three lines(A, B, C). A is longer, C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other man enter the room, and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to. Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C. Asch got the same result many times among different subjects(实验对象).‎ Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep away from danger. Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting(打猎) with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others’ action. It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now.‎ Social proof has special power. The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it. So be careful whenever a company says its product is ＂the most popular＂.‎ ‎5. At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by _________.‎ A. telling a story B. giving examples C. answering questions D. showing a map ‎6. According to Paragraph 3, the experiment by Asch shows _________.‎ A. following others is always right B. social proof may change people’s ideas C. it’s difficult to carry out the experiment D. people can study better if they are alone ‎7. The underlined word ＂It＂ in Paragraph 4 refers to _________.‎ A. running with others B. hunting with friends C. copying others’ action D. doing something different ‎8. According to the passage, we can infer(推断) that _________.‎ A. it’s important to run with others anytime B. products in the advertisement are the best C. we mustn’t copy others’ action to keep safe D. we need to think twice before following others ‎【文章大意】本文主要通过一些社会现象以及科学家做的实验，告诉大家不要盲目随波逐流。‎ ‎5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可知，分别讲了在公园和在音乐会上的两种现象——别人抬头看天空你也会不自觉地看天空，别人在音乐会上鼓掌，不一会儿整个屋子的人都会跟着鼓掌。通过这两个例子引出本文主题，故答案选B。‎ ‎6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第3段中的信息It shows how social proof can influence us. 它说明了社会认同感是如何影响我们的；故答案选B。‎ ‎7. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others’ action. 我们是那些复制他人行为的人的后代。结合本句It is so deeply planted in our mind它深深的植入了我们的思想中，＂它＂指的就是复制其他人的行为这件事；故答案选C。‎ ‎8. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章我们可以推断，在追随其他人之前，我们需要再三考虑. 恰巧这也是整篇文章的主旨，不要盲目随波逐流。故答案选D。‎ ‎（三）【2019 • 浙江省衢州市】‎ Texting while driving is against the law in 47 states. But what about texting while walking? A 2018 study reported that more than 2, 500 people in the US ended up in hospitals resulting from using a mobile device(设备) while walking.‎ Hawaii passed a law making it illegal(违法的) to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street. It is the first state with a law like this. Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey. Here are some replies they received.‎ Rena Jose, 2, New York Which is more important, texting or safety? If you are looking at your phone while walking, you might not see a car come or traffic lights turn red. It can be very dangerous. For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuck in a hole, because both had their mind on their phone. We should make texting while crossing the street illegal in more cities.‎ Andy Selvam, 55, California ‎ People do many things that cause injury to themselves but are not illegal, such as climbing mountains, driving cars, swimming and so on. People might get hurt from texting and walking if they’re not paying attention. But I still think they should have a choice.‎ Bob Madigan, 45, Oregon As humans, we can make our own decisions. I’m not saying it’s safe, but we don’t need the government to babysit us. If we want to learn to make smart decisions, the government needs to stop telling us what to do. After all, this is a free country.‎ Andrew Black, 34, Alaska This law is a good idea—compare this protection with seat belts. If this law is passed all over US, people will be worried. But is there really a way to please everyone? This would not be for fun. It would be safe and good for all Americans.‎ ‎9. According to the passage, in _________, it is against the law if people text while crossing the street.‎ A. Alaska B. California C. Hawaii D. New York ‎10. The LA Times did the survey most probably to _________.‎ A. win the hearts of more readers B. encourage more states to pass the law C. ask readers if they agree with texting while driving D. learn about people’s opinions on texting while walking ‎11. In Rena’s reply, she showed the danger of texting while walking by _________.‎ A. using numbers B. giving examples C. asking questions D. telling stories ‎12. Which of the following is Andrew Black’s opinion?‎ A. Texting is more important than safety.‎ B. The law would help to keep Americans safe.‎ C. It’s easy to please everyone when passing a law.‎ D. Whether to text or not while walking is people’s own choice.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要谈论过马路发短信的问题。在美国47个州，开车时发短信是违法的。一项2018年的研究报告称，美国有2500多人因走路使用了手机最终住进了医院。夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的。洛杉矶时报就此事做了一项调查。‎ ‎9. C【解析】题意：在_______，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。考查细节理解。根据第2段第2句Hawaii passed a law making it illegal(违法的) to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street.（夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的。）可知在夏威夷，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。故选C。‎ ‎10. D【解析】题意：洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了________。考查细节理解。根据第2段第3和4句Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey.（人们认为更多的地方应该接受这样的法律吗？洛杉矶时报做了一项调查。）可知＂洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了了解人们对走路时发短信的看法＂；故选D。‎ ‎11. B【解析】题意：在Rena的回复中，她通过_______说明了走路时发短信的危险。考查细节理解。根据表格一第4句For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuck in a hole可知在Rena的回复中，她通过举例说明了走路时发短信的危险。故选B。‎ ‎12. B【解析】题意：以下哪项是安德鲁·布莱克的观点？考查细节理解。根据表格4第5句It would be safe and good for all Americans.（这对所有美国人都是安全和有益的。）可知安德鲁·布莱克认为这项法律将有助于保护美国人的安全。故选B。‎ ‎（四）【2019 • 安徽省中考】‎ ‎ Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.‎ Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 times thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories (卡路里).‎ In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.‎ But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe ‎ and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone.‎ ‎13. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Difference between air and water. B. Weight change of one’s body.‎ C. The advantages of aquatic exercise. D. The ways to do aquatic exercise.‎ ‎14. What do most people think of aquatic exercise?‎ A. Relaxing. B. Worrying. C. Challenging. D. Boring.‎ ‎15. According to the text, aquatic exercise is _________.‎ A. done in groups B. fit for everyone C. difficult to learn D. done with special skills ‎16. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?‎ A. Culture. B. Health. C. Nature. D. Travel.‎ ‎【文章大意】跑步或走路来锻炼身体总是很容易半途而废，那么就来尝试一下水中运动吧，它就像陆地上的锻炼一样，只不过是在游泳池里。这种锻炼可以燃烧更多的卡路里，且不会伤害你的膝盖，还能让人们感觉很放松，因此受到了越来越多人的欢迎。‎ ‎13. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的文意可知，这一段介绍了水中运动比陆地运动更容易的原因，它不伤害你的膝盖，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。总而言之，这一段介绍的是水中运动的优点，故C选项符合文意。‎ ‎14. A【解析】细节理解题。大多数人认为水中运动怎么样？A. Relaxing令人放松的。B.是＂令人担心的＂；C.是＂有挑战性的＂；D.是＂无聊的＂。根据短文第三段中In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water…. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.可知，大多数人都觉得在水里很放松，感觉很好。由此可知应选A。‎ ‎15. B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone可知，水中运动非常安全、学起来也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它适合每个人。由此可知应选B。‎ ‎16. B【解析】推理判断题。我们在杂志那个板块可以读到以上内容？A.是＂文化＂；C.是＂自然＂；D.是＂旅行＂。根据短文第一段If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise可知，短文介绍的是一种越来越受人们欢迎的新运动—水中运动，这样的内容应该在杂志上的健康版块，故应先B。‎ ‎（五）【2019 • 山东省潍坊市】‎ ‎ ‎ A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes.‎ For children, eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes(结果) —it is also about developing good ones.‎ In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the world’s countries .Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒). ‎ In the report, titled ＂The Importance of Family Dinners (VIII) ＂, researchers say that ＂teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what’s going on in their lives ＂. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents, they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol.‎ Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long –term physical and mental health benefits(好处) .These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks .These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive(好斗的).‎ Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents ＂likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues(事件) and day-to-day concerns ＂. She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others.‎ ‎17. What can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Benefits of eating together B. Advantages of eating alone C. Ways of developing social skills D. Risks of using drugs and alcohol ‎18. Children eating with their families are more likely to _________.‎ A. drink more sugary soft drinks B. do well in their studies at school C. be more socially active and aggressive D. have a closer relationship with their parents ‎19. Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ A. To introduce her B. To add a new point C. To explain further D. To provide background information ‎20. From which is the text probably taken?‎ A. A travel guide B. A biology textbook C. A cooking instruction D. A science magazine ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，多项研究结果说明家人一起吃饭的重要性，民以食为天，吃饭是一个让我们停下手中的事情来享受生活的机会。‎ ‎17. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据.Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒).和Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long –term physical and mental health benefits(好处)可知文章主要讲一起吃饭的好处；故选A。‎ ‎18. D【解析】细节理解题。根据. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents ,可知是和父母有更亲近的关系；故选D。‎ ‎19. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents ＂likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues(事件) and day-to-day concerns ＂ .She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others .可知是为了更深一层的解释孩子和父母一起吃饭的重要性；故选C。‎ ‎20. D【解析】细节理解题。根据A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes .和后文的一些调查，可推测文章内容可能是一篇来自科学杂志的文章；A travel guide一本旅游指南， A biology textbook一本生物课本，A cooking instruction一本烹饪说明，A science magazine一个科学杂志；故选D。‎ ‎（六）【2019 • 江苏省南京市】‎ SPEAK YOUR MIND Mike Isaac and I are reporters of Student Daily. For the topics of our newspaper next month visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10. We interviewed some students and here is what they said.‎ JOSLYN FARCE, 9‎ I believe that we should recycle more paper, because we’re cutting down too many trees. The more trees that are cut down, the more oxygen we lose. The companies responsible should plant more trees.‎ JAYDEN MITCHELL, 9‎ Running is the best exercise, because you’re moving your whole body. It helps your heart and your lungs. Not everyone is healthy, so we should have more exercise.‎ ANDREW BARHAS,9‎ I think everyone should use a calm voice. When people are loud, it causes them to be mad at one another. Sometimes it even makes people quarrel with each other. When people speak calmly to one another, they feel happy.‎ JOSEPH TRUONG, 10‎ People should stop hunting tigers for their fur, for fun and for medicine. Imagine if you were a tiger free in the wild, and the... BOOM, you are shot (枪杀) for your fur. How would you feel?‎ ‎21. What did Mike Isaac and the writer visit Sunshine Elementary School for?‎ A. For environment protection. B. For wildlife protection.‎ C. For good manners in school. D. For topics of the newspaper.‎ ‎22. What may cause people to be mad at one another in Andrew Vargas’s opinion?‎ A. Losing more oxygen. B. Speaking in a loud voice.‎ C. Cutting down more trees. D. Hunting tigers for medicine.‎ ‎23. Who talked about health?‎ A. Joslyn Frace. B. Jayden Mitchell. C. Andrew Vargas. D. Joseph Truong.‎ ‎【文章大意】作者是校报的记者，为了下个月报纸主题，他们参观了Sunshine Elementary School，他们采访了几个学生，JOSLYN FARCE说我们应该回收更多的纸，太多的树被砍伐，树砍的越多，氧气越少，我们应该种更多的树；JAYDEN MITCHELL说跑步是最好的运动，它能帮助我们的心脏和肺；ANDREW BARHAS说我们应该用一个平静的声音说话，大声说话容易让人生气；JOSEPH TRUONG说人们不应该猎杀老虎，如果你是一只老虎，被猎杀了，你感觉怎样？‎ ‎21. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Mike Isaac and I are reporters of Student Daily. For the topics of our newspaper next month visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10. We interviewed some students可知是为了下个月报纸主题；故选D。‎ ‎22. B【解析】细节理解题。根据When people are loud, it causes them to be mad at one another.可知是大声说话；故选B。‎ ‎23. B【解析】细节理解题。根据JAYDEN MITCHELL, 9Running is the best exercise, because you’re moving your whole body. It helps your heart and your lungs. Not everyone is healthy, so we should have more exercise可知Jayden Mitchell谈论了健康；故选B。‎ ‎（七）【2019 • 江西省中考】‎ ‎ Playing video games and getting money for it seems like a dream job for many of today’s teenagers. But is it all fun and games?‎ Big business Pro (professional) gaming is certainly big business. In 2017, there were more than 3,000 gaming competitions and over 10,000 professional players worldwide. A large number of people watch their competitions online, and successful gamers can get more than 1,000,000 dollars from prize money and ads. The industry is clearly thriving. ‎ What it takes Becoming a professional is not just about being good at playing games- it also takes a lot of hard work. Some pro gamers practice for fourteen hours a day. "You need to spend much time and put all your efforts to it", says ex-gamer George Not all fun and games It can be a difficult job as well. Stress is a big problem for gamers. Tiredness is another, and injuries(受伤) are common. Top player Hai Lam had wrist(手腕) problems after years of pro gaming. Careers(生涯)are short, and many gamers retire (退休) before they are 30 and try to find another job. ‎ However, the bad points probably won’t change the dreams of many teenage gamers. And angry parents are still likely to hear the excuse, ＂But I’m just practicing for my future job!＂‎ ‎24. How many professional players were there around the world in 2017?‎ A. 130.000. B. More than 3, 000. C. Over1,000.000. D. More than 10.000‎ ‎25. What does the underlined word "thriving" in Paragraph 2 mean A. Getting worse. B. Doing well. C. Developing slowly. D. Changing quickly.‎ ‎26. What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?‎ A. Children are angry with their parents B. Teenagers practice games for their future jobs C. Some teenagers are crazy about playing games D. Parents stop their children playing games successfully.‎ ‎27. What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Pro gaming isn’t all fun and games B. The career as a pro gamer doesn’t last long C. Being a pro gamer is a good choice for teenagers.‎ D. Being a pro gamer is an easy way to make money.‎ ‎【文章大意】玩电脑游戏挣钱对今天的青少年来说好像是一个梦想中的工作，都是乐趣和游戏吗？真正的专业游戏人员需要花费大量的时间来练习，需要投入全部的精力，压力对他们来说是一个大问题，受伤很普通，顶尖玩家Hai Lam就有手腕问题，许多玩家30前就退休，但是这些不好的情况不能改变青少年游戏者的梦想。‎ ‎24. D【解析】细节理解题。根据In 2017, there were more than 3,000 gaming competitions and over 10,000 professional players worldwide.可知超过10,000个专业玩家；故选D。‎ ‎25. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据A large number of people watch their competitions online, and successful gamers can get more than 1,000,000 dollars from prize money and ads. 可知这种产业做得很好；故选B。‎ ‎26. C【解析】细节理解题。根据However, the bad points probably won’t change the dreams of many teenage gamers. And angry parents are still likely to hear the excuse, ＂But I’m just practicing for my future job!＂可知虽然有一些不好的情况，但是也不能改变青少年游戏者的梦想，可知一些青少年对玩游戏很着迷；故选C。‎ ‎27. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据玩电脑游戏挣钱对今天的青少年来说好像是一个梦想中的工作，都是乐趣和游戏吗？真正的专业游戏人员需要花费大量的时间来练习，需要投入全部的精力，压力对他们来说是一个大问题，受伤很普通，顶尖玩家Hai Lam就有手腕问题，许多玩家30前就退休，但是这些不好的情况不能改变青少年游戏者的梦想。可知文章主要讲专业游戏不总是乐趣和游戏；故选A。‎ ‎（八）【2019 • 天津市中考】‎ ‎ There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of(不管)age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough.‎ The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the ‎ World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure(血压).‎ Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, peopele who sleep a lot are usuallv seen as ＂lazy＂. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do.‎ How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert (专家) in sleep. He says , ＂Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less. you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The morehours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should t sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleepcredit card.’＂‎ For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. ＂Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.＂‎ ‎28. According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to _________.‎ A. eat healthy food every day B. take excrcisc as much as possible C. get medical help whenever necessary D. sleep eight hours or more every night ‎29. What does ＂slecep-deprived＂ mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A. Having a good sleep. B. Excited about sleep.‎ C. Having less sleep. D. Interested in sleep.‎ ‎30. According to Dr. James Maas. what is sleep like?‎ A. An hour. B. A report.‎ C. A credit card. D. A piece of paper.‎ ‎31. What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragragh 5?‎ A. Sleeping during the night is foolish.‎ B. Sleeping during the night is helpful.‎ C. People have no courage.‎ D. People always do less work.‎ ‎32. What is the best title of the passage’?‎ A. The Value of Sleep B. The Value of Study C. The Ways of Eating Less D. The Ways of Making Money ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了睡眠的价值。文章介绍了有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不仅使人感到疲劳，而且还会造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？睡眠专家告诉我们：＂睡眠就像信用卡。当你睡眠不足时。你只是在借用时间。你总是要还钱。你不睡觉的时间越多，＂偿还＂你＂睡眠信用卡＂上的时间就越多。＂一位名人曾经说过：＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂‎ ‎28. D【解析】细节理解题。根据But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. 可知，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。故选D。‎ ‎29. C【解析】词义猜测题。A. Having a good sleep. 睡得好；B. Excited about sleep. 对睡眠感到兴奋。C. Having less sleep. 睡眠不足；D. Interested in sleep. 对睡眠感兴趣。句子According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. 根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故选C。‎ ‎30. C【解析】细节理解题。A. An hour.一个小时；B. A report.一份报告；C. A credit card.一张信用卡；D. A piece of paper.一张纸。根据Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card.可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故选C。‎ ‎31. B【解析】细节理解题。句子＂Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.＂ ＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂这句话充分说明了晚上睡觉是有帮助的。故选B。‎ ‎32. A【解析】推理判断题。A. The Value of Sleep睡眠的价值；B. The Value of Study学习的价值；C. The Ways of Eating Less少吃的方法；D. The Ways of Making Money赚钱的方式。根据There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. 有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。进行锻炼并获得医疗帮助。但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。和句子How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? 我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠的价值。因此最好的题目是The Value of Sleep. 故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第2小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。‎ ‎（九）【2019 • 浙江省宁波市】‎ ‎ Many people might think that if they had more money, then they would he happier in life. For example, people might look at what others have, like expensive clothes or nice cars, and wish they could have the same. But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long.‎ ‎___①____ But is that really true? Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. __②____ Instead, it’s giving money to others that makes people happy. __③___ It could be buying a present for a friend or a family member. ___④___ It could he buying a homeless person food to eat. It could he giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel? Whether it is a small or large amount of money. People feel happier when they give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.‎ This idea of connecting your happiness to the happiness of others is described as a ubuntu in an African language. There is even a story about a man visiting Africa who asked some kids to race to a nearby tree. ‘The first child to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprising, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. ‘The children simply said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one.‎ ‎33. The writer says that buying things _________.‎ A. can make people worried B. can make people nervous C. may lead to sadness for long D. may lead to happiness for a short time ‎34. Where can we best put "But its not having money that brings happiness." n Paragraph 2?‎ A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④‎ ‎35. Why does the writer quote(引用) a story in Paragraph 3?‎ A. To explain Africans like sweets. B. To show examples are not enough-‎ C. To make the writer’s opinion clearer. D. To express happiness is from children.‎ ‎36. What does the writer try to tell us?‎ A. Buying new things can make people happy.‎ B. The key to happiness is making others happy.‎ C. If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa.‎ D. People who have a lot of money might not be happy.‎ ‎【文章大意】很多人都觉得如果他们有更多的钱，他们就会更快乐。是的，钱的确能使我们更快乐，但不是有钱能让我们快乐，而是给予别人钱能让我们快乐。人们在奉献的时候会更快乐，这是因为让别人快乐，同时也会使自己快乐。‎ ‎33. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段最后一句话But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long可知，用钱买东西不能长时间给我们带来快乐。由此可知应选D。‎ ‎34. B【解析】推理判断题。题干中这句话But its not having money that brings happiness.意为：但是不是拥有钱带来快乐。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. 提到：事实上，钱使人们更开心；后面又提到Instead, it’s giving money to others that makes people happy是给别人钱使人们开心。故这句话应放在②处，能使上下文意衔接，故选B。‎ ‎35. C【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文是议论文，讲述了真正让人们快乐的不是有钱，而是用钱来使别人快乐。第二段的最后提到 This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.＂让别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。为了使读者更好地理解这一点，作者讲了下面的故事。因此C选项＂使作者的观点更清楚＂是正确的。‎ ‎36. B【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，作者先讲述了用钱买东西并不能长久地使人们快乐，然后引出作者的观点This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.＂使别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。故B选项＂快乐的关键是使别人快乐＂，符合文章大意和主旨，故应选B。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 这篇短文给我们讲述了什么是真正的快乐，有钱并不一定快乐，用钱买来的东西也只会让我们一时感到快乐。而真正的快乐应该是去帮助别人，使别人快乐。文章是议论文，论点突出，论据充分，内容贴近学生们的日常生活，比较容易理解。题目设置有细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题，考查比较全面。做题时，应先阅读短文，了解文章主旨大意，找出中心句；然后根据题目所问，锁定文章相关段落或语句，并仔细分析、对比选项，选出最佳的答案。例如第2‎ 小题，这是考查逻辑推理的一个题目，首先学生们应理解这句话的意思；然后阅读第二段的内容，理清句子之间的逻辑关系。然后我们发现在这一段的第二句话与第三句话之间缺少一个衔接的句子，因为②处后的这个句子开头是Instead＂相反的是＂，所给的句子正好与Instead后的句子意思相反，故应填在该处，选B。‎