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2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题句子的种类外研版
句子的种类 【句子的种类】 简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成,按句子功能一般分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 【简单句的基本句型】 类型 例句备注 例句备注 主语+谓语(不及物动词) We study hard.我们努力学习。 某些不及物动词加特定介词后可带宾语,如listen to等。 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 I like apples.我喜欢苹果。 宾语为代词时,要用宾格代词。 主语+系动词+表语 The girl is kind.这个女孩很友好。 表语多为名词或形容词,系动词look,taste,smell等后面常跟形容词作表语。 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 She bought me a card.她给我买了一张卡片。 常见的此类动词:give,buy,show,pass等。 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 He made the baby cry.他把这个婴儿弄哭了。 常见的此类动词:make,keep,let,see,hear,notice等。 【考点训练1】 1.My younger brother is smart and I have already taught ________ (he) some English. 2.The orange tastes ______ (good/well). 3.Loud music always makes me _____ (want) to dance. 答案:him good want 【陈述句】 12 类型 用途 例句 肯定句 肯定的陈述,表示 “是如此”。 They usually go to school by bike.他们经常骑自行车去上学。 否定句 否定的陈述,表示“不是如此”。 They won’t go to the park tomorrow.他们明天不去公园。 注意:否定句是在be动词、助动词或情态动词后加not,常用缩略形式,要注意人称、时态的一致。 【考点训练2】 1.I woke up early in the morning.(改为否定句) I ____________ up early in the morning. 2.Carrots are grown all over the world.(改为否定句) Carrots ______________all over the world. 3.They have gone to Africa.(改为否定句) They __________________ to Africa. 答案:didn’t wake aren’t grown haven’t gone 【疑问句】 类型 用途 句型 例句 12 一般 疑问句 询问一件事或情况是否属实。 1.be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+表语/动词原形/分词? 2.答语:Yes,代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词; No,代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not —Are you a student?你是学生吗? —Yes,I am./No,I’m not.是的,我是。/不,我不是。 特殊 疑问句 针对句子某一具体成分提问。 特殊疑问词+谓语/一般疑问句?— What are you doing?你在做什么? —I am reading a book.我在看书。 选择 疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的情况供选择。 1.一般疑问句+or+另一个选择项? 2.特殊疑问句+选择项+or+另一个选择项? —Do you like English or math?你喜欢英语还是数学? —English.英语。 反意 疑问句 由“陈述句+简短问句”构成,表示问话者欲对陈述句部分进行证实。 1.肯定陈述句+否定的简短问句? 2.否定陈述句+肯定的简短问句? —Emily has been to Japan twice,hasn’t she?埃米莉去过两次日本了,对吗? —No,she hasn’t.不,她没去过。 ◆常见疑问词(组)及其用法 12 疑问词 用法 备注 who 询问身份 whose询 问“所有者” 意为“谁的” which 询问特定的人或物 what 询问具体信息(电话号码、地址等) 还可询问职业、日期 when 询问时间 where 询问地点、位置 why 询问原因 常用because从句来回答。 how 询问方式(怎样) 常用来询问交通方式; 答语中出现by+v.ing时,一般用how来提问。 【考点训练3】 1.—____ you ever ____ to Shanghai? —Yes,I went there last year. ( ) 12 A.Are;going B.Do;go C.Did;go D.Have;been 2.—___ are you going to England? —To visit my uncle.He lives there with his family. ( ) A.What B.When C.Why D.How 3.—Do you like listening to country music or rock music? —____.It brings me pleasure. ( ) A.Yes,I do B.No,I don’t C.I like music D.Country music 4.David never fights with his classmates,____? ( ) A.does he B.doesn’t he C.is he D.isn’t he 答案:DCDA 祈使句 祈使句表示请求、命令、劝告、叮嘱、号召、建议等。 类型 结构 例句 肯定 祈使句 动词原形+其他 Come in,please.请进。 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let’s go!我们走吧! 12 Be+表语+其他。 Be careful,please.请小心 否定 祈使句 Don’t+动词原形+其他 Don’t do that again!不要再那样做。 No+名词/动名词+其他 No parking here!这儿禁止停车! 【考点训练4】 1.____ me the truth,or I’ll be angry. ( ) A.Telling B.To tell C.Told D.Tell 2.—____ late for school again,Tim! —Sorry,I promise that I ____. ( ) A.Don’t;won’t B.Don’t be;won’t C.Don’t be;don’t D.Don’t;will 3.____ the baby cry. ( ) A.Not let B.Let not C.Don’t let D.No let 答案:D BC 感叹句 感叹句是表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤、哀伤等强烈感情的句子。通常由What或How引导,What后以名词为中心,How后以形容词或副词为中心,句末常用感叹号。 类型 结构 例句 What 型 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)! What a beautiful girl she is!她是多么漂亮的女孩啊! 12 What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What important jobs they have done!他们做了多么重要的工作啊! What sweet water it is!多么甜的水啊! How 型 How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)! How beautiful a picture it is!多么漂亮的一幅画啊! How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! How cute the dog is!这只狗多么可爱啊! How+主语+谓语! How time flies!时间过得多么快啊! 【考点训练5】 1.The weather is very hot.(改为感叹句) __________ the weather is! 2.What surprising news it is!(改为同义句) ________________ the news is! 3.How delicious the food is!(改为同义句) ________________ food it is! 4.They are running fast.(改为感叹句) ______________ they are running! 5.I have read a very interesting book.(改为感叹句) ______________ interesting book I have read! 答案:How hot How surprising What delicious How fast What an There be句型 There be句型表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”,there是引导词,没有实际意义,句中的be与离它最近的名词在数方面保持一致。 1.There be句型的常用结构 12 时态 结构 例句 一般 现在时 There is/are+sb./sth.+地点状语 There is a pen on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔。 一般 过去时 There was/were+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示过去的时间状语 There were many people in the theater last night.昨晚剧院里有很多人。 一般 将来时 There will be(is/are going to be)+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示将来的时间状语 There is going to be a basketball match next Friday.下周五将有一场篮球比赛。 与情态 动词连用 There+情态动词+be+sb./sth.+地点状语/时间状语 There must be some cute animals in the zoo.动物园里一定有一些可爱的动物。 2.There be句型的句式变化 句式 变化规则 例句 12 否定句 一般是在be动词(或助动词)后面加not。 There isn’t any water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。一般 疑问句 一般是把be动词提前到句首。— Are there many people in the park on weekends?周末公园里有很多人吗? —Yes,there are./No,there aren’t.是的,有。/不,没有。 【考点训练6】 1.—Is there a watermelon on the table? —_____. ( ) A.Yes,there is B.Yes,it is C.No,there is D.No,it isn’t 2.There ____ a football match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon. ( ) A.is going to be B.are going to be C.is going to have D.will have 3.There ___ some juice in the glass just now. ( ) A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案:AAC 【倒装句】 初中阶段对于倒装句的考查主要集中在对so与neither/nor引导的倒装句的辨析。 12 结构 说明 例句 So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同。 I like reading English,and so does he.我喜欢读英语,他也喜欢。 Neither/Nor +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示与上文提到的否定情况相同。 You won’t go,and neither shall I.你不去,我也不去。 注意:当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不用倒装结构;意为“的确如此”。如: —He is a good actor.他是个好演员。 —So he is.的确如此。 【考点训练7】 1.—What language is that guy speaking? I can hardly catch a single word! —____.He’s from India,so I guess it’s Hindi. ( ) A.Neither I can B.Neither can I C.So I can D.So can I 2.—I think you are different now. —Of course,times have changed and____. ( ) A.so have I B.so I have C.neither have I D.neither I have 答案 B A 【考题热身】 1.(2017·毕节)— ______ have you felt like this? 12 —Three days. ( ) A.How long B.How often C.How much D.How many 2.(2017·毕节)There ____ some students on the playground. ( ) A.is B.have C.has D.are 3.(2017·黔东南)—Sandy likes English best.She reads the texts every day. —_______. ( ) A.So does Jim B.So Jim does C.So Jim is D.So is Jim 4.(2017·黔东南)Your mother is very busy.She hardly does morning exercises,_____? ( ) A.isn’t she B.does she C.doesn’t she D.is she 5.(2017·烟台)—_____? —She is of medium height with blue eyes. ( ) A.How is Rita B.What does Rita like C.What does Rita look like D.How do you like Rita 6.(2017·南京)—Excuse me,but can you tell me where the nearest bank is? —Just ___ going for two more blocks and you’ll see it. ( ) A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.keeps 7.(2017·长春)—The final exam is over.Will you stay at home or visit your grandparents? —_____.I miss them very much. ( ) A.Yes,I will B.I’ll stay at home 12 C.No,I won’t D.I’ll visit my grandparents 8.(2017·重庆B卷)___ bad day! It’s raining hard.We have to stay at home. ( ) A.How a B.What a C.How D.What 9.(2017·广东)—Is there any outdoor learning in your school? —____.We learn outdoors once or twice every month. ( ) A.Yes,there is B.No,there isn’t C.Yes,it is D.No,it isn’t 10.(2017·东营)____ exciting it is! Our country put her first homemade aircraft carrier(国产航空母舰) in the water on April 26 in Dalian. ( ) A.How B.What C.How an D.What an 答案:ADABCADBAA 12查看更多