备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点37 词汇运用 （学生版）

备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点37 词汇运用 （学生版）

考点 37 词汇运用 命题预测 词汇是学习英语的基础，也是中考的高频考点之一。近几年来，许多省市的中考英语都非常重视考查考 生在具体语境中运用词汇的能力。 1. 命题特点： 主要考查一些高频词汇（如名词、动词、形容词等）； 考查各类词形变化； 考查六种时态的正确运用。 2. 考查题型： （1）根据汉语提示完成句子； （2）用所给词的适当形式填空； （3）根据首字母提示完成句子； （4）选词填空。 3. 题型分析： 词语运用题主要考查学生对于不同语境下英语词形的掌握情况，如对于名词要考虑单数、复数、所有格 等形式；对于动词要考查人称、时态、单复数、语态以及非谓语动词等形式；对于代词，要考查代词的各 种形式；对于形容词或副词，应注意比较等级的变化；对于修饰语，要注意用形容词修饰名词或代词，用 副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；这一题型还常考查近义词的辨析。 4. 考点预测： 我们要认识到题型是在变化的，我们的答题策略也应随之调整，但主要的考查内容是万变不离其宗，就 是对英语基础知识和词语运用能力的考查。预计 2019 年中考将会加大对各类词汇的灵活运用及单词拼写能 力的考查。 解题策略： 词语运用之解题策咯 要做好词语运用题要求我们除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需要掌握一定的解 题技巧。 1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于做试题，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，同时对词义做初 步的理解。 2. 通读句子，语意完整、实用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过理解句子语境，注意发现固定搭配关系， 积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要填出相应单词或短语的正确形式。 3. 在填词过程中，需要深思熟虑，既要符合句子的含义，又要保证句式、结构的正确。例如，当选定一个 名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或所有格形式。在遇到动词时，要有意识的去考虑时态和语态的变 化以及非谓语动词形式的变化等等。 为了便于记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜： 4. 完成填词后，应通读句子，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态语态惯用法的错误，以确保 答案的正确性。 词语运用是对学生的书面语言的基本功的考查，它不仅考查学生对单词的记忆能力，而且也考查学生 对句子和特定语境中单词的正确形式的掌握。分析近几年的中考题型可以看出考查形式主要有单词拼写、 词形转换、词语理解等。这一题型一般在中考中占 5%～10%的分值。 词语运用之解题注意事项 下面就中考常见的四种题型分布详细阐述一下各个题型的做题策略和需要注意的地方。 一、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 首先要正确写出句子中所给汉语所对应的英语单词。 2. 若有两个以上的词汇符合所给的汉语意思，则要根据具体语境及固定搭配进行取舍。 3. 然后从语法角度确定英语词汇的适当形式。若填写的是名词，就要注意用名词的单数还是复数；若 填写的是形容词、副词，就要注意是否需要用比较级和最高级的形式；如果是动词，就要注意它们的时态、 语态等。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 该题型旨在考查考生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力，通常所采用的解题步骤为：明确所给词 的词性→弄清所给句子的意思→确定空白处所需的词性→正确写出所填的词。具体操作方法如下： 空前空后要注意，＂名词＂单复数要牢记， 还有’s 不能弃，＂动词＂注意要变形， ＂形副＂注意变三级，要填＂数词＂请留意， 千万别忘＂基＂和＂序＂，填入＂代词＂需慎重， 五格变化要谨记。 首先，要认真阅读句子，正确理解句意。 其次，要分析应填词在句中充当的句子成分，正确判断应填词的词性。 再次，要判断所填词应采用的正确词性。若为名词，应注意其单复数、可数还是不可数及其所有格形 式；若为动词，应注意其人称、数、时态、语态及非谓语动词形式；若为修饰语，应注意修饰名词或代词 时用形容词，而修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句时要用副词；若为代词，注意代词的各种形式；若为形容 词、副词，应注意等级变化；若为数词，要注意基数词与序数词的正确选择。 三、按照首字母提示完成句子。 1. 读懂句意，确定单词。所缺的单词一定是句中的关键词，一般多为名词或动词等实词。 2. 瞻前顾后，确定形式。 3. 检查所填单词的形式以及语法结构是否正确。 四、根据语境或句意，从方框中选词或短语填空。 该题型通常所采用的解题步骤为：明确所给词组或短语的含义→弄清所给句子的意思→确定空白处所 需的单词或短语的意思→正确选出所填的词或短语。 （一） 66. 大家都需要帮助动物，使它们在宁静中生存。 We all need to help animals live _____ _____. 67. Ms Li 总是对她的学生很有耐心。 Ms Li _____ always _____ _____ her students. 68. 截止四月底，全球已有二十多万人因新冠肺炎去世。 1. 首先要正确写出句子中所给的汉语所对应的英语单词。 2. 若有两个以上的词汇符合所给的汉语意思，则要根据具体语境及固定搭配进行取舍。 3. 然后从语法角度确定英语词汇的适当形式。若填写的是名词，就要注意用名词的单数还是复 数；若填写的是形容词、副词，就要注意是否需要用比较级和最高级的形式；如果是动词，就 要注意它们的时态、语态等。 Over 200 thousand people ________ ________ the Covid-19 around the world by the end of April. 69. 2020 东京奥运会将推迟到明年举行。 2020Tokyo Olympic Games _____ _____ _____ _____ to 2021. 70. 你能告诉我你是否和班主任提过这件事？ Could you tell me _____ _____ ______ ______ this to the headteacher? （二） 73. The poor man wonders what happened to his wife, but he hasn't got any i________ yet. 74. U________ teenagers talk to someone about their trouble, they will certainly feel worse. 75. The patients always consider r________ in hospital to be cured(治疗) for at least 10 days. 76. It’s exciting for us to enjoy the n________ beauty of the spring in the countryside with our family. 77. T________, people in China always admire the moon with their family memebers on Mid-Autumn Day. It is a custom formed long time ago. （三） 46.The development of high﹣tech will be of much more ________ (重要) to Chinese companies. 47.His parents expect that he will be able to play the piano as ________ (好) as Lang Lang. 48.Finally I ________ (更改) my design because I realized it wasn't so perfect as expected. 49.Parents can learn what their children really want by ________ (交流) with them patiently. 50.The discovery of the new medicine has ________ (挽救) millions of lives across the world. 51.A Bite of China is an interesting documentary that I've watched several ________ (回). 52.In our country it's ________ (违反) the law to drive after much drinking. 53.I feel I'm a bit ________ (落后) with my work so I want to make it up again. 54.My grandpa had poor memory in his 90s and often ________ (弄错) me for my brother. 55.I may go hiking with my friends this weekend if there's ________ (充足的) time. （四） 46.Eating plenty of f________fruit and vegetables is good for our health. 47.She spends her free time singing and panning. Her main i________ are music and art. 48.When hundreds of colorful balloons flew up h________, the sky became a moving cartoon. 49.We all take p________ in the great achievements of our country. 50.He is honest. He has never tried to h________ the truth about his past. 51.Though I have never m________ your sister before, I'm sure she is also a very nice person. 52.Lucy made a wish, and then she b________ out the candles. 53.There was nothing more v________ than being with my parents. 54.Nowadays, people usually take a vacation in the countryside to sense i________ beauty. 55.He is the tallest a________ all students. （五） 56. Teenagers need to sleep at least eight hours a night．（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ do teenagers need to sleep a night？ 57. Keep working hard, and you will achieve success.（保持句意不变） __________ __________keep working hard, you will achieve success. 58. 人工智能机器人将来能像人类一样思考吗？ Can AI robots think_____humans in the_____？ 59. 这本书和那本一样有趣，且更便宜．（根据汉语意思和英文提示，完成句子） This book is_____ interesting as that one and_____ expensive． 60. 如果你在考试中保持冷静，就会考出好成绩。（根据汉语意思和英文提示，完成句子） If you keep_____ in the exam, you will _____ good grades. （六） 46.The man in a black coat _________ has something to do with the murder case. (必定地) 47.After a while of discussion, they finally reached an _________. (一致，同意) 48.This special ship is one of the _________ in this village and it has won the first prize in the Best Ship Competition. (渔民) 49.The old lady was seen running _________ the forest and disappeard in the dark. (朝，向) 50.Although he went _________ at a young age, he would like to return to his country. (去国外） 51.Reading is very important, for it can open up a(an) _________ world to us. (know) 52.—Put on your jacket. The report says it is much _________ today. (wind) —Ok, mum. 53.The girl _________ leaving her younger brother at home alone and cried sadly. (regret) 54.Everyone makes a great difference to _________ ourselves from the COVID-19. (protect) 55.Five _________ of the population in this college are from foreign countries. (twelve) （七） 81. I like lots of vegetables, such as cabbages, carrots and __________(西红柿). 82. We never ________ (抄袭) others’ homework. 83. We hope you can ______(提供) us with some information about shopping online. 84. He ______(花费)five hours in finishing drawing the picture yesterday. 85. This ________ (戒指) looks much more beautiful than the others here. 86. My favorite subject is a________ because I like drawing very much. 87. My little brother Tommy is a(n) h________ boy. He never lies. 88. You need to take your umbrella on r________ days, or you’ll get wet. 89. She likes music very much, but she has n________ been to a concert. 90. The letters PRC s________ for the People’s Republic of China. （一） 【2020 •广西北部湾经济区】 根据括号内所给的中文提示, 正确拼写单词, 并将答案填写在答题卡对应的横线上。 46.There is an __________(蛋)left on the plate. 47.I haven't seen my grandpa for a long time. I __________(想念)him so much. 48.As the saying goes, "The __________(早的)bird catches the worm. " 49.Let's meet __________(在…外面)the school gate at 8 tomorrow morning. 50.Tony __________(几乎不)has any spare time for his hobbies. （二） 【2020 •甘肃武威市】 66.中国是世界上河流最多的国家之一。 China is_________ _________the countries which have the largest number of rivers. 67.由于新冠疫情，东京奥运会将被推迟举办。 Tokyo Olympics is going to be _________ _________ because of the COVID-19. Reading_________ _________is the secret to language learning. 69.人们广泛认为亚历山大•格拉汉姆•贝尔发明了电话。 It's widely_________ that telephone was invented_________ Alexander Graham Bell. 70.公共场所禁止吸烟。 _________ _________in public areas. （三） 【2020 •南通市】 A. 请根据括号中的中文提示、英文释义或句意， 写出句中所缺单词，使句子通顺。 46.Huawei was the _______(获胜者) in the worldwide smartphone market in April, 2020. 47.Many visitors come to Beijing and hope to watch the raising of the national ______(旗帜). 48.To go for a party, Sally is choosing suitable shoes to ______ (go well with) her new silk dress in the shopping mall. 49.Both Li Bai and Du Fu are ______ (well-known) for writing so many great poems. 50.We can’t throw used batteries away. _______, they should be collected for special treatment. （四） 【2020 •无锡市】 （B）根据句意，在答题卡对应题号的横线上，写出括号内所给单词的适当形式。 42.The idea of wearing a mask in public is now, __________ (wide) accepted. 43.People started to get __________ (patient) after waiting at the gate for two hours. 44.We are who we are today because of the __________ (choose) we made yesterday. 45.Anne Frank went into __________ (hide) with her family and wrote the famous diary. 五、动词填空 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，并将答案写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。 46.Don’t worry. Hobo is a smart dog and I’m sure he __________ (come) back soon. 47.Schools are still closed in some countries __________ (stop) the spread of the virus. 48.Millions of young people __________ (fight) in World War Ⅱ so we could live in peace. 49.— Have you found any useful clues, sir? — We __________(work) on it. There’s nothing much I can say at the moment. 50.“When the book __________ (publish) in November, I’m going to donate all the money to help those people in need,” said J.K. Rowling. 51.He sent me a few messages, but I __________ (not reply) yet as I don’t know what to say. （五） 【2020 •山东日照】 根据首字母或汉语提示，在答题卡上写出下列句子中单词的完全形式。 46.The shop is open every day e________ Sundays. 47.If you can't attend the meeting, I'll go i________. 48.With the teachers' help, he has made great p________ in his studies. 49.We are all p________ of the achievements we've made in the past 70 years. 50.The students studying abroad had to make a c________ whether to return or to stay. （七） 【2020 •威海市】 根据句意和音标提示以适当形式填写单词。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。 26.Please tell me your_____________/ ə`dres /. I will go to see you tomorrow. 27.I know the city well. Let me be your_____________/ gaɪd /. 28.My mother is getting old. I have to be more_____________/peɪʃnt/ with her. 29.You shouldn’t read others’ _____________/`parɪvət / letters without permission. 30.Seeing their parents, the children_____________/ flu: / to meet them. 31.We are going to Hainan on vacation in __________/`februəri/. 32.He __________/rɪ`gretrd/ having missed that good chance. 33.Take this medicine according to the __________/in`strʌkʃnz/. 34.He _________/`mænɪdʒɪz/ the business for his father. 35.I paid £3,000 for the house, but I think it is ___________/wɔ:θ/more. （八） 【2020 •黔南州】 根据句意，在方框中选用合适的词或短语，用其适当形式完成下列句子。每个选项只能选用一次，注意其 中有两项为多余选项。 during unless sky time arrive proper put up 56. Hurry up, Harry. Our friends ________ in half an hour. 57. I usually sleep with the window open ________ it’s really cold. 58. There we ________ tents and made a fire to keep us warm. 59. The students who are good at writing can always use words ________. 60. Because of the good environment, it is easy for us to see the blue ________ now. （九） 【2020•湖北省恩施州】 Neither across communicating with confident a symbol of comfortable 46．The bright sunshine is ____________ another fine day. 47．We can _____________ get together often nor go to the crowded places during the special period. 48．We should be always _____________ about our motherland. 49．I have to walk_____________ a river when I go to school. 50．In some way, smart phones prevent us from _____________ our families. （十） 【2020•吉林】 21. Carol often goes to school _________bike. Ifs good for her health. 22. July is the seventh _________ of the year. 23. Climbers is an exciting movie. I’m going to _________ it. 24. My little brother likes to jump up and _________ like a monkey. 25. Look! Miss Wang is carrying a heavy box. Let’s go to help _________. （一） （2020 •吉林省长春市宽城区中考一模） 在下列各句的空白处填入一个适当的词，使句子意思完整、语法正确。 1. The alarm clock didn’t go________, so I was late for work this morning. 2. I was so sleepy that I could hardly keep my eyes ________. 3. She was so careless that she hurt________while going downstairs. 4. It’s reported Flight 471 have to ________ at the nearest airport because of the bad weather. 5. Those young clerks like playing jokes________each other in the office. They have good relationships. （二） （2020 •吉林省长春市宽城区中考一模 ） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 6. As we know, Changjiang is the ________ (three) longest river in the world. 7. Uncle Sam is an old man with lots of________( hobby), like playing basketball and painting. 8. To keep healthy, we should eat________ (little) meat and more fruit and vegetables. 9. He needs money to buy a house so he wants to sell his car________ (cheap). 10. I didn’t finish ________ (write)my test because I ran out of time. （三） （2020 •天津市东丽区 2018 届九年级中考第二次模拟） 根据所给中文意思完成句子。（每空限填一词） 66. 政府正在建造自然公园，也在制定其他计划. The government is setting up ______________ ______________ and developing other plans. 67. 在我下面，地面突然向下倾斜，并且延伸到河流。 Far below me, the ground ______________ ______________ and down to a river. 68. 抱歉，但那是我的最终决定。 I'm sorry, but that's my ______________ ______________. 69. 在她下落的时候，她在想她的猫，Dinah。 While she was falling, she was______________ ______________ her cat, Dinah. 70. 他们把大明扶起来, 让他坐在了椅子上。 They ___________ him ___________and sat him on a chair. （五） （2020 • 山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模） 31. If you get lost in a city, you can ask the p_____________ for help. 32. The man who is making a speech in the hall is a u___________ teacher from Beijing. 33. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was c_____________ in February, 2018. 34. More and more _____________ (私人的)hospitals have joined the fight in Wuhan. 35. Doctors and nurses in Wuhan relieve(减缓)their ___________(压力)by talking to their family in the video calls. （六） （2020 •安徽省合肥市中考二模） 76.Doctors decided to d________ (奉献) themselves to finding a new cure for the disease. 77.He should always t________ (相信) in his own musical ability. 78.Mary has o________ (提出) some useful advice for this project. 79.She felt a little t________ (疲劳) after hard work. 80.Reading these famous n_________ (小说) can help us learn about traditional Chinese society and history. （七） （2020 •江苏省南京市建邺区中考二模） A)根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。 41.Thanks to the doctors and nurses, I can be safe and become a___________(幸运的) man. 42.__________(锻炼) has become part of my daily life while staying at home. 43.—Every day I need to take some online lessons. But now I can’t find my mobile phone. —Don’t worry. My sister’s phone is here. You can use___________ (她的) phone. 44.Many people give a helping hand to those in need___________ (没有) leaving their names. 45.It is also kind of overseas Chinese to___________ (捐献) a lot of things to Wuhan. B)根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 46.During my stay at home, I should___________ (plan) the day carefully. 47.My father, who is in the___________ (forty), often gives me a lot of advice on my study. 48.My mum loves shopping online and it makes life much___________ (easy) than before. 49.I like listening to pop music. This is one of the most famous___________ (singer) I have ever heard. 50.Do you think that this song is worth____________ (recommend) to my classmates? （八） （2020 •浙江省温州市平阳县初中学业水平适应性考试（一模）） hold including twenty tooth lonely 41. I think children should brush their _____________ every day. 42. She doesn't feel ____________ as she has made new friends here. 43. Helen can enjoy a whole view of the city because she lives on the ____________ floor. 44. Many provinces decided to stop tomb-sweeping activities, ___________Hubei Province. 45. Japan announced to put off the Olympic Games of 2020 and it will __________in July, 2021.