中考英语短文填空+英语冠词复习课件+各专题复习课件

中考英语短文填空+英语冠词复习课件+各专题复习课件

中考英语复习专题 看图填词 词类年份 名词 动词 形容词 副词 连词 数词 2008 5 3 1 1 2009 5 3 1 1 2010 2 4 3 1 一、历年考点总结 名词注意 ________________ 动词注意 ____________________________ 形容词、副词注意 ________________________ 单复数 时态 比较级和最高级 do/does/did/done/doing 二、做题技巧技巧 1. __________________________ 常见提示内容： ___________________ Today was __________ 8th, Women’s Day. Tom told his father that he wanted to give his mother a happy surprise. He would do something to celebrate it. March 根据图画或文字提示 日期、星期、时钟、天气等 Ex.1 On a __________ Saturday afternoon, Mr. Smith went hiking in the country. He carried a backpack on his back, with a stick in his hand. sunny Ex.2 A few days later, a nicer and larger house was built, but one ___________ after he built his new house, there came a strong wind, and it blew his new house over. evening/night 技巧 2._________________ Do you believe __________ are as clever as humans? In India, there is a famous school named Monkey Training School. 上下文原词提示 monkeys Ex.3 Henry was a careless young man. He often made mistakes. It brought him a lot of trouble. For example, he fell over a __________ in his friend’s home once, and the chair hurt a little dog. chair Ex.4 Lord Ye was interested in dragons. In his house, there was a picture on the wall, while the beams, pillars, doors, and windows were all carved( 雕刻 ) with _____________. dragons 技巧 3. _________________ One day Mr. Smith finished his work very late. On his way home, there were no taxis or buses. So he had to _________ home. He held his bag in his hand. walk 根据上下文推断 Ex.5 He found a worm in the garden and put it in his sister Mabel’s neck. The girl was so afraid that she cried out for _______ . Their mother heard this and went in to find what had happened there. help Ex.6 Even though Mr. Li wasn’t a young man, he was still strong and he was good at swimming. After a while, the boy was saved. His mother was so _______ . thankful 技巧 4.___________________ The woman was reading a newspaper in her room when she heard someone _______ at the door. She opened it and saw a young man with glasses standing there. knocking 固定搭配 Ex.7 The sun let the wind try first. So the wind tried his ___ to make the man take off his coat. He blew and blew, but the man only pulled his coat more closely around himself. best Ex.8 The man said that he was a friend of her daughter’s. So the woman let him in and talked. To her _______, the man knew nothing about her daughter. The woman didn’t know whether his words were true or not. surprise 三、做题步骤 (Steps) 1. 认真观察图画，了解主要内容。 2. 通读短文，图文参照，确定大意。 Tom was a poor boy. He made a living by cleaning leather __1__ for others in the street. Tom was also a __2__ boy. One day, a rich man __3__ Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his __4__ shoes for a while, and then, looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people well. They love money but hates to spend it. Tom said, “Let me __5__ your shoes, sir. Only two pence （便士） , sir.” Mr. Miser shook his head and walked away. Tom thought for a second and then called out, “I’d like to clean it for nothing.” This time Mr. Miser agreed. And soon one of his shoes was shining brightly. When the rich man put his other shoe on the stool( 凳子 ) ， Tom said he wouldn’t clean it for him__6__ he was paid two pence for his work. Mr. Miser was very __7__. He refused to pay anything and went away. But to his __8__, the well-cleaned shoe was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier. Mr. Miser looked round. People in the street were __9__ at him. Finally the rich man __10__ and gave Tom two pence. In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly. 3. 依据语法和逻辑，确定词形。 Tom was a poor boy. He made a living by cleaning leather __1__ for others in the street. Tom was also a __2__ boy. One day, a rich man __3__ Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his __4__ shoes for a while, and then, looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people well. They love money but hates to spend it. Tom said, “Let me __5__ your shoes, sir. Only two pence （便士） , sir.” shoes Tom was a poor boy. He made a living by cleaning leather shoes for others in the street. Tom was also a __2__ boy. One day, a rich man __3__ Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his __4__ shoes for a while, and then, looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people well. They love money but hates to spend it. Tom said, “Let me __5__ your shoes, sir. Only two pence （便士） , sir.” clever Tom was a poor boy. He made a living by cleaning leather shoes for others in the street. Tom was also a clever boy. One day, a rich man ______3_____ Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his __4__ shoes for a while, and then, looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people well. They love money but hates to spend it. Tom said, “Let me __5__ your shoes, sir. Only two pence （便士） , sir.” called/named Tom was a poor boy. He made a living by cleaning leather shoes for others in the street. Tom was also a clever boy. One day, a rich man called/named Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his __4__ shoes for a while, and then, looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people well. They love money but hates to spend it. Tom said, “Let me __5__ your shoes, sir. Only two pence （便士） , sir.” dirty But to his _8_, the well-cleaned shoe was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier. Tom was a poor boy. He made a living by cleaning leather shoes for others in the street. Tom was also a clever boy. One day, a rich man called/named Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his dirty shoes for a while, and then, looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people well. They love money but hates to spend it. Tom said, “Let me __5__ your shoes, sir. Only two pence （便士） , sir.” clean Mr. Miser shook his head and walked away. Tom thought for a second and then called out, “I’d like to clean it for nothing.” This time Mr. Miser agreed. And soon one of his shoes was shining brightly. When the rich man put his other shoe on the stool( 凳子 ) ， Tom said he wouldn’t clean it for him___6__ he was paid two pence for his work. Mr. Miser was very __7__. He refused to pay anything and went away. unless Mr. Miser shook his head and walked away. Tom thought for a second and then called out, “I’d like to clean it for nothing.” This time Mr. Miser agreed. And soon one of his shoes was shining brightly. When the rich man put his other shoe on the stool( 凳子 ) ， Tom said he wouldn’t clean it for him unless he was paid two pence for his work. Mr. Miser was very ____7____. He refused to pay anything and went away. angry/unhappy ( ) But to his __8__, the well-cleaned shoe was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier. Mr. Miser looked round. People in the street were __9__ at him. Finally the rich man __10__ and gave Tom two pence. In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly. surprise But to his surprise the well-cleaned shoe was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier. Mr. Miser looked round. People in the street were ___9___ at him. Finally the rich man __10__ and gave Tom two pence. In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly. laughing But to his surprise the well-cleaned shoe was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier. Mr. Miser looked round. People in the street were ___9___ at him. Finally the rich man ____10___ and gave Tom two pence. In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly. laughing returned/agreed 4. 认真审读，检查错误 ( 名词的单复数、动词的适当形式、 形容词和副词的等级 ) 。 Tom was a poor boy. He made a living by cleaning leather __1__ for others in the street. Tom was also a clever boy. One day, a rich man __3__ Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his dirty shoes for a while, and then, looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people well. They love money but hates to spend it. Tom said, “Let me __5__ your shoes, sir. Only two pence （便士） , sir.” Mr. Miser shook his head and walked away. Tom thought for a second and then called out, “I’d like to clean it for nothing.” This time Mr. Miser agreed. And soon one of his shoes was shining brightly. When the rich man put his other shoe on the stool( 凳子 ) ， Tom said he wouldn’t clean it for him unless he was paid two pence for his work. Mr. Miser was very angry . He refused to pay anything and went away. But to his ___8___, the well-cleaned shoe was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier. Mr. Miser looked round. People in the street were ____9____ at him. Finally the rich man ___10___ and gave Tom two pence. In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly. Tom was a poor boy. He made a living by cleaning leather shoes for others in the street. Tom was also a clever boy. One day, a rich man __3__ Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his dirty shoes for a while, and then, looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people well. They love money but hates to spend it. Tom said, “Let me __5__ your shoes, sir. Only two pence （便士） , sir.” Mr. Miser shook his head and walked away. Tom thought for a second and then called out, “I’d like to clean it for nothing.” This time Mr. Miser agreed. And soon one of his shoes was shining brightly. When the rich man put his other shoe on the stool( 凳子 ) ， Tom said he wouldn’t clean it for him unless he was paid two pence for his work. Mr. Miser was very angry . He refused to pay anything and went away. But to his surprise , the well-cleaned shoe was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier. Mr. Miser looked round. People in the street were ____9____ at him. Finally the rich man ___10___ and gave Tom two pence. In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly. Tom was a poor boy. He made a living by cleaning leather shoes for others in the street. Tom was also a clever boy. One day, a rich man called Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his dirty shoes for a while, and then, looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people well. They love money but hates to spend it. Tom said, “Let me clean your shoes, sir. Only two pence （便士） , sir.” Mr. Miser shook his head and walked away. Tom thought for a second and then called out, “I’d like to clean it for nothing.” This time Mr. Miser agreed. And soon one of his shoes was shining brightly. When the rich man put his other shoe on the stool( 凳子 ) ， Tom said he wouldn’t clean it for him unless he was paid two pence for his work. Mr. Miser was very angry . He refused to pay anything and went away. But to his surprise , the well-cleaned shoe was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier. Mr. Miser looked round. People in the street were laughing at him. Finally the rich man returned and gave Tom two pence. In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly. 四、 Conclusion 做题技巧 (Skills) 技巧 1. 根据图画或文字提示 技巧 2. 上下文原词提示 技巧 3. 根据上下文推断 技巧 4. 固定搭配 做题步骤 (Steps) 1. 认真观察图画，了解主要内容。 2. 通读短文，图文参照，确定大意 3. 依据语法和逻辑，确定词形。 4. 认真审读，检查错误。 五、 Homework Finish the last two exercises. Grammar Revision 1 Article 中考英语专项复习 (07 不定冠词，发音 ) 26. He is ______ university student and he comes from ______ island in England. A. an; an B. an; a C. a; an D. a; a (08 冠词基本用法 ) 26 ． youngest leader in China is man called Lu Hao ． A ． The ； a B ． A ； the C ． A ； a D ． An ； all (09 基本用法 ) 29. ______ old man behind Mary is ______ university teacher. A. The ; a B. An; the C. A; the D. A; a C A A (10 数字 ) 27. Don’t talk to Simon like that. He is just ______ eleven-year-old boy. A. a B. an C. the D. / (12 姓氏 ) 26. _____Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. A. / B.A C. An D. The B D (13 不定冠词 )26. —What do you want to be in the future, Lucy? —I want to be _____ pilot. It is _____exciting job. A. a; a B. a; an C. a; the D. the; an (14)26. Eric is not g oing to Nanjing by____ plane. Instead, he is taking ____train. A. /; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; a B A 26.--Do you like _____ movie Big Hero 6 ? -- Yes, it is _____ interesting film. I like it very much. A.a an B.the an C.a the D.the a 学习目标 1 、知道冠词的用法及分类 2 、掌握不定冠词的用法 3 、掌握定冠词的用法 4 、掌握零冠词的用法 5 、冠词用法的注意点 1 、知道冠词的用法及分类 1. 用法：冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。它不能离开名词单独使用。 2. 分类： 冠词 不定冠词： a 、 an 定冠词： the 零冠词：（不用冠词） 1. a / an 的区别 a / an 的区别： a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前， an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。可用这样一句话记住它们的用法： 不见元音别施恩（ n ） 。 特殊情况： 1. a usual boy ; a useful book ; a university ; a one –leg dog an honest boy ; an hour ; an honor 2. 记住这句话 : Mr. Li has one fox . （李先生有一只狐狸。） 这句话包括了字母表里前面用不定冠词 an 的所有字母。其余的字母前面就用不定冠词 a 。 (a , e , i , o , f, h , l , m , n , r , s , x ) 2 、掌握不定冠词的用法 (1) a 和 an 均用在单数名词之前， 表示某一类人或事物 。 例如： John is a student. (2) 当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时，通常用不定冠词。 例如： Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. (3) 表示“每一”的意思，常用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，相当于 every 。 例如： Take the medicine three times a day. (4) 用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。 例如： I have read the books twice, but I want to read a third time. (5) 固定搭配。 例如： a lot of 许多， a great deal of 大量 等等词组，固定搭配。 含有冠词的短语 at the same time , in the end , by the way , all the year round for the time being （暂时） , in the distance , on the air ，（在播送中） on the right on the other hand ( 另一方面 )on the one hand on the spot ( 当场 ) ， for the better ( 好转 ) in the long run 最终 ， 从长远角度看 the other day （前几天） on the whole ( 总之 ) to tell the truth ( 说实话 ) 惯用不定冠词的词组： have a try 试一下 have a word with 和 … 谈一谈 make a living 谋生 have take a look 看一下 once upon a time 从前 take/have a walk have a good time 玩的愉快 make a fortune 发大财 for a while 一会儿 as a matter of fact 其实 keep an eye on 照看 留意 in a hurry 匆忙地 put an end to …. 结束 have take a rest 休息 come to an end 结束 冠词相似词组： sit at table 吃饭 sit at the table 在桌子旁 take place 发生 take the place of 代替 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 go to sea 去当水手 go to the sea 去海边 in future 从今以后 in the future 将来 on earth 究竟 到底 on the earth 在地球上 go to school church 去上学（做礼拜） go to the school church 去学校（教堂） 冠词相似词组： In hospital in the hospital In bed in the bed In front of in the front of A number of the number of A little little A few few quite a few at times 有时；不时 in the sun 在太阳下 at a time 一次 under the sun 在世界上 a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士 定冠词 the 的用法 1. 第二次提到 This is an apple. The apple is mine. 特指 The boy in red is my brother. 用在独一无二的名词前 the sun 太阳 / the moon 月亮 / the earth 4. 用在最高级前 the young est / the most beautiful 5. 用在序数词前 the first / the second / the third / the four th 6. 用在西洋乐器前 play the piano / the guitar 7. The + 姓的复数 表示一家人 The Smith s / the Green s smith 一家 / 格林一家 8. 用在方位名词前 或习惯用法 in the south / on the right / in the day / in the end 9 、用于单数的发明物前。 如： Who invented the wheel? …the telephone,the refrigerator, the airplane 10 、用于表示计算单位的 名词前。 如： He was paid by the hour. 11.the +adj 表示一类人或抽象的事物 The old , the new , the young ,the beautiful The blind, the deaf . The beautiful _______ always popular ,such as the painting , the art shows The old _____ often taken care of by the young. ____ earth goes round ____ sun. Jim is ___ tallest and ___ most interesting 3. ___man over there is my teacher. 4. There is ___ orange on the table . ___ orange is mine . 5. I live on ____ twelfth floor. 6. ____ Great Wall is ____oldest building. 7. I have ___aunt . ___ aunt is ____ doctor. 8. In this exam ,he is ___ second. Jim is ___ boy . He is ___ American boy. ___Yellow River is one of ___ longest rivers. Beijing is in ___ north of China The the the the The an the the The the an the a the a an The the the He failed 3 times ,but he still wanted to try _____ fourth time. A the B a C an D / B 零冠词的用法。 1 、用于复数可数名词前， 表示类别。 如： Horses are useful animals. There are pencils,pens and books on the desk. 2 、用于球类运动、棋类游 戏前。 如： play football,play chess, play bridge 3 、用于物质名词或抽象名词 前。 如： Can man live without air ? Our country is very rich in oil. Does she like music ? George is a man of great strength . Some stamps are of great value . 4 、表示头衔、职位的名词前。 如： Who is captain of your team? John was elected chairman of the committee. 我们选他当班长 We made him monitor 5 、 turn 作系动词时，后面 的名词前不用冠词。 如： He was a medical student before he turned writer. 6 、地理名词前。 如： North America,Hunan Province 7 、专有名词＋普通名词前 如： Beijing Airport, Buckingham Palace, Nanjing Road, Zhongshan Park 8 、杂志、期刊前。 China Pictorial, China Daily, English Language Teaching 9. 在季节，月份，星期，节日和三餐饭前不用冠词。 Today is Children’s Day . All the students have lunch at school. 但中国的传统节日前一般加“ the” The Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节 The Spring Festival 春节 10. 表泛指的不可数名词或名词复数前不用冠词。 Snow is white and beautiful 11. 名词前有“ this , that , those , these , my ,your ,some ” 等词修饰时不用冠词。 This is my Chinese book 12. 学科前不用定 冠词 如： we are interested in English. 1. Do you like playing ___ soccer ? 2. I usually have ___ milk for ____breakfast 3. We will go to the park on ___ Monday . 4. My uncle lives in _____America now . 5. Leaves turn yellow in _____ autumn. 6. We can go swimming on __Sunday in __summer. 7. March 8 th is ____ Women’s Day. 8. His father is ill in ___ hospital . 1.This is ___ orange , ____ orange is orange 2.English is __useful language. 3.My brother is ___usual boy but ___ honest boy. 4. He is holding ___umbrella. 5. __man in red is his father. He’s at __dinner 6. Who is ___ strongest and ___ most friendly? 7.___girl over there is ___ university student. an the a a an an The / the the The a 8. I have ___ cat . __ cat’s name is Mimi. 9. Monday is __ second day of a week. 10 __ sun is bigger than__ moon 11. I like playing __ basketball and ___ piano. 12. He was born in ___ May. 13. I saw ___ old man pass by and ___old man looked sad. a The the The the / the / an the 6.Alice is fond of playing __ piano while Henry is interested in listening to __ music. A.;the B.; C.the; D.the;the 7.Beyond ___stars,the astronauts saw nothing but __ space. A.the; B.;the C.; D.the;the 8.After watching __ TV, she played ___violin for an hour. A.; B.the;the C.the ; D.;the 9.Alexander Graham Bell invented ___ telephone in 1876. A. B.a C.the D.one 10.__Where’s Jack? __I think he’s still in __ bed, but he might just be in___ bathroom. A.; B.the;the C.the; D.;the 12.She is __ newcomer to __ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. A.the;the B. the; C.a; D.a;the 16.A: Have you seen __ pen?I left it here this morning. B: Is it __black one?I think I saw it somewhere. A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a 不定冠词用法口诀 泛指首提为最多， 有时表示某“一个”； 物质抽象表“一场”， So 加形容再“ a” ； 可数名词为“一类”，序数词前“又一个” Quite 等词常放后，固定短语须琢磨。 The party was a great success. 不定冠词用法口诀 名词是秃子 常要戴帽子 可数名词单 需用 a 或 an 辅音前用 a 元音前用 an 复数不可数泛指 the 不见 碰到代词时 , 冠词均不现 . 零冠词的用法 省略 零冠词用法口诀： 下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前； 专有名词不可数，学科球棋三餐饭； 复数名词表泛指，节假星期月份前； 颜色语种和国家，称呼习语及头衔。 3 、定冠词的用法 定冠词用法口诀：特定双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器； 形容一类人，复数姓氏前。 中考英语听力技巧 当前，中学英语教学除注重学生基础知识、基本技能的培养，更要求侧重培养学生运用英语语言的能力。因此，听力测试作为了解学生获取信息能力的有效办法，仍然会在今年及以后的中考中占有重要的位置 (150 分试题，听力为 25 分 ) 。初三年级的学生，要想在中考英语测试中取得理想的成绩，在复习阶段，无论在心理上，还是时间利用上，都不能忽视对这一部分能力的提高。 一、听力试题类型 中考听力试题在形式上主要涵盖了下列题型： 单词、短语、数字、句子听辨题； 句子理解题；情景反应题； 对话理解； 综合短文听力理解；听短文填词题。 总体上，试题内容分为短句、对话和 passage ，也就是综合性的短文。 听力测试所涉及的日常生活话题有： 问候、邀请、看病、约会、购物、问路、打电话、谈论天气、询问时间等， 测试内容大致可分为：时间和数码、地点和动向、价格和数量、人物和事件、情景和背景等。 二、听力考试技巧 “ 听力能力测试有 心理、 瞬时、信息 三个方面的效应，决定听力能力高低的关键在于能否尽快理解所听材料的内在联系，领会其大意，抓住其重点。” 听力理解的语言材料有别于阅读材料，语言结构不如书面语言严谨，较接近我们日常生活中的口语表达，有犹豫、停顿、重复、思考、重音、略音、拖长音、被打断、语序颠倒等现象，句子简短，但内涵信息多。 同学们回答听力试题时，除了听力涉及内容外，要特别注意说话人的 语音、语气、语调 等方面包含的信息。 听力在考试技巧上要注意以下几个方面： 1 、稳定情绪，集中精力。 心理素质的好坏直接影响到听力的理解。同学们应有一个良好的精神状态，在听时必须镇定自信、头脑清醒，沉着不乱，全神贯注，凝神谛听，以积极向上的心理准备，尽快进入答题状态。 2 、审清题意，预测内容。 如果自己对题目了如指掌，答题时就会从容不迫，有的放矢，不会因来不及读题而错过答题。 因此，同学们应尽量利用“试卷分发”到“播放试音乐曲和试音材料”之间的时间，及时、迅速地阅读题目 ( 题干和选项 ) ，根据题目中所包含的信息来比较推测对话的内容，带着问题去听，有重点地去听。 常见听力问题包括以下几种类型： (1) 、考具体事实和信息。 如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、原因、目的、结果等，有时还要对听到的信息做加工处理， 如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。 (2) 、推测谈话背景，判断人物身份。 要求同学们理解对话地点、背景和对话者之间的关系。 (3) 、领会弦外之音，理解观点意图。 要求同学们不仅能理解所听内容的主旨大意，而且能通过其中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等。 3 、捕捉信息，快速笔记。 听录音时做好笔记，有助于记住所听内容。 特别可防止对人名、地名、数字等听过即忘的现象， 有时即使听力理解的能力很强，不做笔记也难以记住长段对话或 passage 中的全部细节，或对需推理、运算的结果来不及做出反应。 笔记还可以抓住人物 (who) 、事件 (what) 、时间 (when) 、地点 (where) 、原因 (why) 、方式 (how) 、程度 (howoften/soon) 等信息，同学们可以按自己的方式来记这些内容，可以记关键词或可运用符号记录。 尤其是审题阶段或预测确定的那些和听力问题相关的主题词，更要特别留意，加强捕捉这些关键信息。 4 、抓住重点，果断答题。 答题时切不可因为一个词听不清，就停下来琢磨一阵，这样，等反应过来时，录音的播放已经过了好几句，弄得顾此失彼。 同学们应知道听力测试的“时效”性，听力测试不像笔试那样，有较长的时间去思考某一个问题，或者有选择地先易后难，只要录音一开始，考生只能按部就班地跟着录音往下听，千万不可为一个难题冥思苦想，而要果断地放过去，集中精力应付下一题。 5 、分析推理，优化信息。 测试时，并非所有的听力材料中的每个词、句子都能被自己听懂， 这时同学们就要根据上下文或根据信息的前后联系来推理、分析、修正、判断、猜测词义或问题的答案。 Welcome You're great! 中考英语专题复习一：单项填空的考点讲解和训练 【 考点扫描 】 单项选择题一向是各省市中考的必考题型。它的特点是考点多，覆盖面广，题量大。其主要考查点是： 考查基本语法 ; 考查同义词、近义词的辨析； 考查各种词汇的惯用法和固定搭配； 考查掌握和运用日常交际用语的能力。 【 名师解难 】 由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广，所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础知识，二要紧扣语境，抓住关键词。具体应注意以下几点： 1. 复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法。重点要分清 现在完成时 、 一般过去时 的用法。对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚。还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。 2. 在解题方面要突出语境，在语境中选语句和词汇，防止汉语思维的干扰。英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的 语义环境 （即上下文）决定的，答题时如忽视了语境，就很容易答错题。 3. 在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构，注意宾语从句、感叹句的语序。 4. 掌握习语和日常交际用语。应掌握 大纲词汇 、 习惯用语 。由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同，对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。 从近几年来全国各地的中考试卷分析可以看出，单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态；词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。在做单项选择题时，同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和善于思考外，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。由于单项选择覆盖面广，其解题思路也多种多样。下面我们举例谈谈一些常用的解题方法。 1. 直接法： 即直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法，例如： --- Will you come to the net bars （网吧） with me? --- Sorry. My mother always tells me ___________ there. A. not go B. go C. not to go D. to go 根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式，即 tell sb. not to do sth. ，故此题应选 C 。 2. 关键词法： 许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词（ key words ）。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口，例如： He hardly hurt himself in the accident, _______________?A. doesn't he B. didn't he C. did he D. does he 该题中 hardly 与 hurt 是起关键词作用的。凡陈述部分含有 hardly, never, little, few 等否定意义的词时，反意疑问句用肯定形式；而 hurt 一词的过去式与原形相同，此处 hurt 未加 s ，应为过去式。因此本题答案 C 是正确的。 --- What did you see, Mary? --- I saw a lot of trees on_______________of the lake. A. either side B. all sides C. both sides D. other side 在平时练习中，我们接触的多是下列表达： on both sides of the road / street / river 。但本题中 lake 无两边之分，只能是“在四周”。所以正确答案是 B 。本题中 lake 一词成为关键词。 3. 类推法： 如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果 A 对，那么 B 也对”的类推法，从而可将 A 、 B 予以否定，例如： --- Who's the man at the door? --- ___________________________. A. He is a doctor B. He is a friend of mine C. He is a famous singer D. He is twenty A 、 C 选项针对的是“职业”。若 A 是对的，那么 C 也会是对的。 D 回答的是年龄。故惟有 B 才是正确的。 4. 前后照应法： 此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。解题前，透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案，例如： --- He isn't a teacher, is he? --- _______. He works in a hospital. A. Yes, he is B. No, he isn't C. Yes, He isn't D. No, he is 本题考查否定句的反意疑问句的回答。由后半句的回答，我们知道“他”的身份不是教师；否定反意疑问句回答中的 Yes 其实际含义为“不”， No 的实际含义为“是”。因此应选择的是 B 。 再如： --- It's dangerous to play here. --- All right. Let's go and find a ____place.  A. quiet B. safe C. bright D. dark 联系上下文即可弄清语境：既然在这里玩危险，那么就找个安全的地方。此题应选 B 。 5. 排除法： 根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验，辨别真伪，例如： The girl asked the teacher _______________. A. what does the museum looks like B. what did the museum look likeC. what the museum looks like D. what the museum looked like 本题主要考查宾语从句中的语序及时态的对应关系。主句动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也应是过去时的某种时态，故 A 、 C 被排除。而 B 中有词序错误，所以 D 为正确答案。 6. 交际法： 此方法可用 30 个交际用语，联系上下文直接解题，例如： --- Would you like to have another cup of tea? --- ____. A. Yes, I do B. Not al all C. No, thanks D. Help yourself 本题主要考查简答交际用语的应答。对别人的邀请，如果表示不接受时，应委婉说出，不能断然拒绝。因此，选 C 是最佳答案。 以上六种方法，大家要在 具备扎实的基础知识 条件下， 灵活运用 。同时，我们还要提醒大家注意以下几点： （ 1 ）不要受母语思维习惯的影响。学习外语常常会受母语习惯的影响。因此解题时也常会受母语思维模式的影响，例如： --- ____is the capital of America? --- Washington. A. Where B. What C. In where D. In which 汉语中常可这样发问“美国的首都是哪儿 ?” 所以有人会选 A ，但英语中 where 是副词，表示地点。本句是问美国首都是哪个城市，所以正确的选择是 B 。 再如： ___ it's difficult to learn English well, ____you should never drop it.A. Though; but B. Though; × C. Because; so D. Because; × 汉语中有关联词“虽然 …… 但是”、“因为 …… 所以”，但在英语中 though 与 but, because 和 so 是不可搭配使用的。由题意可知只有 B 是正确答案。 （ 2 ）防止定势思维。有些固定搭配或习惯表达法大家掌握较牢靠，但也正是由于受到这些习惯表达的影响，犯一些思维定势的错误，例如： I won't come back ____August 5 and 7. A. until B. both C. between D. for 受 not…until 这一固定搭配的影响，很多人会选 A 。但若仔细审题，则答案应选 C 。因为“回来”这一动作不能同时发生在两个不同的日期。 再如： Canada is larger than ____country in Asia （亚洲） . A. any other B. other  C. any D. all others “ 比较级 + any other + 单数名词”是一种典型的比较级结构。所以有人会选 A 。但 Canada 是美洲国家，和亚洲国家相比不存在与自身相比较的问题。所以不可用 other 排除自身。正确的答案选 C 。 （ 3 ）防止“鱼目混珠”。有些词由于词性、词义不同，它的用法也不同，应注意辨别，例如： --- Do you know if he____to play basketball with us? --- I think he will come if he ___free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will he 若不注意审题，很容易误选 A 。但若仔细分析，就会发现前者 if 作“是否”解，而后者意为“如果”。二者分别引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。英语中，只有在时间、条件状语从句时，从句中用一般现在时代替将来时，在其他从句中无此用法。所以 C 是正确答案。 再如： He made faces ______the baby _______crying. A. to make; stop B. make; stop C. make; to stop D. to make; to stop 题中两个 make 用法不同。 make faces 意为“做鬼脸”，后接动词不定式作目的状语；后一个 make 意为“使得”，是一个使役动词，其后接动词原形作宾补，即 make sb. do sth. 所以此题应选 A 。 Welcome You're great! 中考英语专题复习二：完形填空的考点讲解和训练 【 考点扫描 】 “ 完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。 “ 完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有： 1. 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。 2. 具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。 3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。 4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。 5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。 可见，完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了 扎实的语言基本功 、 较好的阅读能力 及 归纳判断能力 ，才能适应这一题型。 完形填空题的考查目的： 1. 考查同学们阅读理解能力。 2. 考查同学们语法知识。 3. 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。 完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识 综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出 10 个空白，要求考生从所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。完形填空是介于 单项填空和阅读理解 之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容： 完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容： 1 、词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。 2 、语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。 3 、结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。 完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容： 1 、词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。 2 、语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。 3 、结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。 从设空的类型看可分为三个层次： 1 、句子层次 2 、句组层次 3 、全篇层次 设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。 完形填空的解题技巧 完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤： 1 、通读全文，了解大意 做这类题目是，首先应该把文章通读一遍，了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立，但从全文看又不可取。 2 、瞻前顾后，逐步填空 了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。 一般来说，文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类：一类是语法正确，而意思不对；另一类是意思正确，而语法错误；第三类是语法正确，意思也正确。 在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的意思，还要考虑到句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配和词类的功能，尽量使选出的答案及复合语法又符合原文的意思。 3 、认真复查，适当调整 填空全部做完以后，应把短文从头到尾再读一遍，检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯，情节是否合理，语法结构是否正确。 一般来说，如果意思连贯，情节合理，语法结构正确，就意味着选答没有问题；如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通，语法结构有问题，就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲，进行调整。 Welcome You're great! 中考英语专题复习三：阅读理解的考点讲解和训练 【 考点扫描 】 阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从 A, B, C, D 四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟 40-50 个词。 中考阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则： 1. 阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在 1 ， 000 单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等； 3. 体裁多样，包阔记叙文，说明文，应用文等。 中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是： 1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是： (1) Which is the best title of the passage? (2) Which of the following is this passage about? (3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______. (4) The passage tells us that______. (5) This passage mainly talks about_______. 2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是： (1) Which of the following is right? (2) Which of the following is not mentioned? (3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage? (4) Choose the right order of this passage. (5) From this passage we know ________. 3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是： (1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means ________. (2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______. (3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________. (4) Here “it” means________. 4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是： (1) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________. (2) Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so that they may _____. (3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____. (4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station? 5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是： (1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______. (2) We can infer from the text that _______. (3) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very _____ to know something about American social customs. (4) From the story we can guess ______. (5) What would be happy if …? 6. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。 (1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station? (2) The writer writes this text to ______. (3) The writer believes that ______. (4) The writer suggests that ______. 阅读理解题的方法和技巧。 1 ．如何获取段落的主旨和大意？ 最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。 主题句一般具有三个特点： （ 1 ）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。（ 2 ）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。（ 3 ）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。 在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种： （ 1 ）主题句在段首或篇首。 主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文 , 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。 （ 2 ）主题句在段末或篇末。 用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。 （ 3 ）无主题句 有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。 2 ．如何根据上下文猜测词义？ 猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文 (context), 正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。 猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑 1 ）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。 2 ）运用语法知识进行语法分析。 3 ）依靠常识和经验做出判断。 根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种： (1) 根据定义或解释猜测词义。 (2) 根据情景和逻辑进行判断。 (3) 根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。 (4) 根据背景和常识判断。 (5) 根据同义、反义关系猜测词义。 (6) 根据因果关系猜测词义。 3 ．如何确定细节和事实？ 在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：（ 1 ）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（ 2 ）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。 4 ．如何进行推断？ 所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。 即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。 中考英语试题中的推断题很多，其类型主要有以下几种： （ 1 ）事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。 （ 2 ）指代推断：确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。 （ 3 ）逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。 （ 4 ）对作者的意图和态度的推断 Welcome You're great! 中考英语专题四：短文填空考点讲解和训练 【 考点扫描 】 短文填空是近两年才创设的一种新题型。这种题型通常给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，同时在一个方框内给出一些单词，让考生根据短文的内容，把这些单词填入空白处，使文章正确、通顺。 这种题型考查的是考生的整体阅读能力、基础语法的运用能力和书面表述能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。 它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。 做好短文填空题要求考生具备坚实的语法基础，理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记英语单词的拼写。做短文填空可以从以下几个方面着手： 1 、从语法方面考虑 短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、介词和连词的选用等。 2 、从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑 短文填空以词组和短语为主，而词组和短语必然会涉及到很多习惯用法和固定搭配。 3 、从上下文的结构方面考虑 有的空白必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什麽样的单词或短语。 Welcome You're great! 中考英语专题复习五：书面表达的考点讲解和训练 【 考点扫描 】 书面表达是每年中考必考题型，是考查学生交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式： 1 、书信、日记、通知、留言、假条； 2 、看图作文； 3 、根据汉语提示作文。 无论是那一种书面表达形式，考生所写的短文都要紧扣主题、文理通顺，要素完整，语言准确、得当、格式正确、无大、小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。 一 . 训练方法 1. 记 。 认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。中国有句古话，叫“熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会作”。同样，要使自己具有较强的写作能力，首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。 许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效办法，同学们若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里，自己写起文段来，就可以做到脱口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至发挥。 2. 练 。 每练一篇书面表达题，都要真正学到一点东西，不可贪多而边学边忘。 平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。 从根据提示词写单句开始，到写单句，然后到写几句话，最后到写流利的文段。 尽量尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等。 3. 写 。 要进行实战写作。 要求自己在 20 分钟内写出 100 个词的短文，并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。 这样形成习惯，考试时就能得心应手。 二 . 应试策略 1. 审题目 ：要切中题意。 《 中考考试说明 》 指出，书面表达要切中题意。 怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。 审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。 2. 圈要点 ： 防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。 为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。 3. 列提纲 ： 为写作做好准备。 根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。 4. 定基调 ： 定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。 5. 写全文 ：写短文时要做到以下六个方面： (1) 避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟 悉的句型。 几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。 (2) 多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。 可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。 (3) 注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。 1 ）语态、时态要准确无误。 2 ）主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。 3 ）注意人称代词的宾格形式。 4 ）注意冠词用法，例如： He is an honest student. 中的 an 不能写成 a 。 5 ）注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如： receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant 等。 (4) 描写人物时，要生动具体， 例如： 1 ）外表特征： tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。 2 ）服饰颜色： red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。 3 ）内心境界： glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。 4 ）感情描写： love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。 5 ）动作描写： come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。 (5) 上下文要连贯。 上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。 同学们应注意下面过渡的用法： 1 ）表示并列关系的： and, as well as, or… 2 ）表示转折关系的： but, yet, however… 3 ）表示时间关系的： when, while, after, before, then, after that… 4 ）表示因果关系的： so, therefore ,as a result… 5 ）表示目的的： in order to, in order that , so as to, so that… 6 ）表示列举的： for example , such as… 7 ）表示总结性的： in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking… (6) 不会表达，另辟蹊径。 中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。 造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分。 阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。 6. 改病句 ： 认真检查，改正错误。中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。 因此，改错这一环节必不可少。 中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。 因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。 检查错误应从以下几个方面入手： 1 ）格式是否有错。 2 ）拼写有无错误。 3 ）语言是否用错。 4 ）时态、语态错误。 5 ）标点错误。 6 ）人称是否用错。 三 . 注意事项 书面表达要特别注意书写工整，卷面整洁。 每年阅卷老师在几天的时间里要看好几千万考生的作文，工作量之大，时间之紧，可想而知。 书写是否工整，卷面是否整洁与得分高低直接有关。 【 中考范例 】 书面表达 假如你叫张强。请根据下面美国朋友 Bob 的来信内容，结合你自己的情况写一篇语言连惯、符合逻辑的英文回信。 要求： 1. 认真阅读来信的内容，从中获得你需要的信息。 2. 词数： 80 左右。回信的开头、结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。 注意：回信中不得出现你的真实地址和所在学校的名称。 Dear friend, Hello ！ I’m your new friend. My name is Bob. I’m fifteen. I’m American. I live in New York. I am a middle school student. I’m good at maths. It is very interesting. My favourite sport is basketball. And I am not only a basketball fan but also a good player. I like pop music. My friends and I often sing pop songs together. After school, I am interested in getting on-line. I have known a lot about China from the Internet. Now I’m learning Chinese. I hope I will visit your country one day. Please write to me and tell me something about your life. I’m looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Bob Dear Bob, __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【 解析 】 根据前面提到第六个步骤，我们来写一下这篇书面表达。 1. 审题目： 通过审题目我们可以知道： 本篇书面表达应是写一封回信， 写信人是张强， 收信人是 Bob ， 信的内容应是介绍张强自己的情况。 2. 圈要点： 根据来信判断，写回信必须包括以下要点： 1 、收到对方的来信； 2 、愿意和对方交朋友； 3 、自己的姓名、年龄和住址； 4 、自己的身份、特长和爱好； 5 、自己的希望。 3 、列提纲： 1. got your letter 2. glad to be your friend 3. name, zhang Qiang, fifteen, live in Shaanxi 4. a middle school student, like English, like sports, good at drawing, 5. hope we’ll meet in China 4 、定基调： 1. 时态：收到来信用一般过去时，介绍情况用一般现在时，希望用一般将来时。 2. 人称用第一人称。 3. 可按提纲的顺序来写。 4. 开头和结尾题目已经给出。 5 、写全文： Dear Bob, I got your letter yesterday. I’m very glad to be your pen friend. My name is Zhang Qiang. I’m fifteen years old, too. I live in Shaanxi. I’m a middle school student, too. I like English and physics very much. I also like sports, but I’m good at drawing. I know a little about America. Could you tell me something more about your country in your next letter? I hope we’ll meet in China some day. I’m sure we’ll have a good time together. Please write (to) me soon. Yours, Zhang Qiang 6 、改病句： 认真复查一遍。 如有错误，加以改正。 Thank you! Bye Bye!