19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16-3 阅读理解（说明文）（第02期）（解析版）

19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16-3 阅读理解（说明文）（第02期）（解析版）

‎2019年中考真题英语分项汇编 ‎（一）【2019 • 江西省中考】‎ Everyone faces challenges in their life, but some are more important than others. Daniel Kish had serious problems with his eyes when he was born. And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old. ‎ Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing thing. He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue（舌头） to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar. In this interview with National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works.‎ How does sonar work?‎ ‎＂When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. These waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像). It’s like having a conversation with the environment When you click, what do you see in your mind?‎ ‎"Each click is like a camera flash. I make a 3D image of the things around me for hundreds of feet in every direction.＂‎ What is it like riding a bike using sonar?‎ ‎＂It’s exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of focus. I click up to two times per second,, much more than I usually do.＂‎ Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way?‎ ‎"Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine. I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone(骨头) as a kid.＂‎ How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?‎ ‎＂Many students are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isn’t in the eyes, it’ s in the mind.＂‎ ‎1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?‎ A. Kish explains how sonar works.‎ B. Kish teaches people how to use sonar.‎ C. Kish started to move around using sonar.‎ D. Kish is good at riding a bicycle in traffic.‎ ‎2. How does sonar work? Choose the right order. ‎ a. The sound waves reflect off surfaces. ‎ b. The person makes a clicking sound. ‎ c. The brain makes images with the sounds. ‎ d. The sound waves reach the persons ears.‎ A. b-a-c-d B. b-d-a-c C. a-b-d-c D. b-a-d-c ‎3. What can we know about Kish from the passage?‎ A. He always challenges himself bravely.‎ B. He lives in fear of things that he imagines.‎ C. He became blind when he was 14 years old.‎ D. He broke his bone when climbing as a child.‎ ‎4. What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. How Sonar Works.‎ B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar.‎ C. Seeing with the Mind.‎ D. How the Blind Move Around.‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍了Daniel Kish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。‎ ‎1. C【解析】段落大意题。根据He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue舌头) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). 不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。‎ ‎2. D【解析】顺序排列题。根据I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. hese waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像).可知声呐工作的顺序是发出咔嗒声，声音从表面反射回来，到达人的耳朵，大脑把声音制成图像；故选D。‎ ‎3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone (骨头) as a kid.他没有生活在想象的恐惧中，也没伤到骨头，根据And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months ‎ old.可知是14个月，不是14岁；根据文章内容，可知他总是勇敢地挑战自己；故选A。‎ ‎4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章介绍了Daniel Kish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。可知这段的最好题目是＂用大脑看＂；故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 短文阅读，做题时要结合文章的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关键。例如：小题1 段落大意题。根据He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue舌头) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). 不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。‎ ‎（二）【2019 • 天津市中考】‎ There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of(不管)age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough.‎ The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure(血压).‎ Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as ＂lazy＂. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don’t have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you’ll do.‎ How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert(专家) in sleep. He says , ＂Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less. you are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don’t sleep, the more hours you should t sleep to ‘pay back’ the hours on your ‘sleepcredit card.’＂‎ For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. ＂Don’t think ‎ you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.＂‎ ‎5. According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to .‎ A. eat healthy food every day B. take excrcisc as much as possible C. get medical help whenever necessary D. sleep eight hours or more every night ‎6. What does ＂slecep-deprived＂ mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A. Having a good sleep. B. Excited about sleep.‎ C. Having less sleep. D. Interested in sleep.‎ ‎7. According to Dr. James Maas, what is sleep like?‎ A. An hour. B. A report.‎ C. A credit card. D. A piece of paper.‎ ‎8. What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragragh 5?‎ A. Sleeping during the night is foolish.‎ B. Sleeping during the night is helpful.‎ C. People have no courage.‎ D. People always do less work.‎ ‎9. What is the best title of the passage’?‎ A. The Value of Sleep B. The Value of Study C. The Ways of Eating Less D. The Ways of Making Money ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了睡眠的价值。文章介绍了有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不仅使人感到疲劳，而且还会造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？睡眠专家告诉我们：＂睡眠就像信用卡。当你睡眠不足时。你只是在借用时间。你总是要还钱。你不睡觉的时间越多，＂偿还＂你＂睡眠信用卡＂上的时间就越多。＂一位名人曾经说过：＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂‎ ‎5. D【解析】细节理解题。根据But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours ‎ or more every night. 可知，但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。故选D。‎ ‎6. C【解析】词意猜测题。A. Having a good sleep. 睡得好；B. Excited about sleep. 对睡眠感到兴奋。C. Having less sleep. 睡眠不足；D. Interested in sleep. 对睡眠感兴趣。句子According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. 根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故选C。‎ ‎7. C【解析】细节理解题。A. An hour.一个小时；B. A report.一份报告；C. A credit card.一张信用卡；D. A piece of paper.一张纸。根据Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card.可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故选C。‎ ‎8. B【解析】细节理解题。句子＂Don’t think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.＂ ＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂这句话充分说明了晚上睡觉是有帮助的。故选B。‎ ‎9. A【解析】推理判断题。A. The Value of Sleep睡眠的价值；B. The Value of Study学习的价值；C. The Ways of Eating Less少吃的方法；D. The Ways of Making Money赚钱的方式。根据There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. 有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。进行锻炼并获得医疗帮助。但改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8个小时或更长时间。和句子How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? 我们如何教这些人学习睡眠的价值？可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠的价值。因此最好的题目是The Value of Sleep. 故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第2小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。‎ ‎（三）【2019 • 江苏省苏州市】‎ Every day there is less and less space on Earth for rubbish. Yet every day we make more and more rubbish. What can we do? We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.‎ Recycling helps Earth. And it saves space in rubbish dumps. Half of everything that we put into landfills could be recycled instead. In fact, most things made of paper, metal, glass and plastic can be recycled.‎ Paper can be broken into small pieces and made into new paper. Steel and aluminum cans（金属雄）can be melted down（熔化）and made into new cans. The same is true of glass bottles. This can be done over and over again. Recycling doesn’t take as much energy as making these things the first time. So we can use less of Earth’s fuel resources.‎ Plastic can be melted down, too. Then it can be formed into park benches, playgrounds and so on. Some people call plastic the "wood" of the future. Things made of plastic will last about 400 years-even if they stay outside in the weather. No wood can do that!‎ ‎10. The underlined word "landfills" in Paragraph 2 probably means _____________.‎ A. bench factories B. places for rubbish C. green mountains D. recycling centres ‎11. According to the passage, what happens last to the can?‎ A. The can is put into a recycling bin. B. The can is melted down and reused.‎ C. A steel can gets filled with corn. D. A person uses the corn in the can.‎ ‎12. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Cans should be melted down.‎ B. Old newspapers can be reused.‎ C. We can build benches that last 400 years.‎ D. We should recycle everything that we can.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文关注的是地球污染问题，呼吁人们对垃圾进行回收再利用，保护地球。‎ ‎10. B【解析】题意：第2段下划线的单词＂landfills＂意思可能是_____________。考查词义理解。put into投入/倾倒；根据上文And it saves space in rubbish dumps.和下文could be recycled instead.可知landfills是填埋垃圾的地方，places for rubbish符合句意，故选B。‎ ‎11. B【解析】题意：根据这篇文章，罐子最后发生了什么?考查细节推断。根据Steel and aluminum cans can be melted down and made into new cans.可知可以熔化制成新罐，故选B。‎ ‎12. D【解析】题意：这篇文章的主旨是什么?考查主旨理解。A. 罐头应该熔化。B. 旧报纸可以重复使用。C.我们可以建造使用400年的长椅。D. 我们应该回收我们能回收的一切。根据开头We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.可知短文介绍的是垃圾的回收再利用，故选D。‎ ‎（四）【2019 • 浙江省宁波市】‎ Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments. One set of data can have people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.‎ Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.‎ How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.‎ ‎13. This reading is about _____________.‎ A. what big data is and how it is used B. what schools and hospitals people like C. where important data is collected and stored D. how big data is controlled by governments and companies ‎14. One company uses weather information to _____________.‎ A. help children in need B. know when people will visit the hospital C. find out who tides the bus or train D. understand when people will need ice cream ‎15. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _____________.‎ A. big data can be used for good reasons B. we can use big data in a number of ways C. big data can be used for both good and bad reasons D. we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick ‎16. The overall tone(总基调) of this reading is _____________.‎ A. sad and personal B. personal and scientific C. informative but silly D. scientific and informative ‎【文章大意】你了解大数据吗？大数据就是将很多信息放在一起，可以供计算机程序使用。短文中列举了很多使用大数据的方式，既有好的一些方面，也有不好的。‎ ‎13. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段的开头Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program.和第二段的开头Big data can be used in many ways可知，这篇短文给我们讲述了＂什么是大数据＂以及＂大数据的使用＂，故A选项最符合文意，选A。‎ ‎14. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后一句话For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.可知，某公司使用天气数据来查看人们什么时候吃的冰淇淋最多。由此可知应选D。‎ ‎15. C【解析】细节理解题。根据这一段的开头Big data can be used for good reasons.以及第四句话Big data can also be used for bad reasons.可知，这一段中介绍了大数据用于好的一面以及不好的一面，并各自举例说明。故C选项符合文意。‎ ‎16. D【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文给我们介绍了什么是大数据以及大数据的使用方式，整篇文章科学、客观，并使用了许多例子进行解释，使读者更容易理解。因此整篇文章的基调是科学而又具有教育性的，故应选D。‎ ‎（五）【2019 • 四川省乐山市】‎ When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws(吸管) do Americans use every day?‎ He quickly learned there wasn’t a simple answer. The boy tried to work it out himself. Through lots of research, Cress found out that Americans use about 500 million straws every day. In hopes of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011.‎ Cress started the project in his hometown – Burlington, Vermont. He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order. It was a simple change. However, it would save money. And by doing that, the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50 percent.‎ For the years that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States. More and more restaurants agreed to join. They stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban ( 禁 止 ) plastic straws.‎ Plastic pollution has been one of the most serious problems today. According to scientists, more than eight million tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year. Plastic straws are especially terrible. They make it easy for people to get comfortable with single-use plastics.‎ After his project became popular, Cress took his findings on the road. He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world. He wants to encourage more people to say no to plastic straws.‎ ‎＂Focusing(聚焦) on straws is one simple step we all could take,＂ Cress says. ＂And it makes me feel that I, as a kid, could make a difference, too.＂‎ ‎17. When did Milo Cress start to care about the problem of straws?‎ A. Ten years ago. B. In the year 2011. C. In the year that he was 9.‎ ‎18. Cress started the Be Straw Free project in order to _____________.‎ A. get a good score in science at his school B. encourage people to reduce plastic waste C. become a famous person in his hometown ‎19. What did Cress ask a restaurant in Burlington to do?‎ A. Stop offering straws to its customers.‎ B. Prevent people from using straws to drink.‎ C. Count the number of straws it uses every day.‎ ‎20. Plastic straws are especially terrible because _____________.‎ A. they are the most serious problem today B. scientists pay little attention to their influence C. they help people get used to using single-use plastics ‎21. Over the years, Cress has _____________.‎ ‎① spread his project across the United States ‎② asked Seattle to completely ban plastic bags ‎③ counted the plastic straws in the ocean every year ‎④ spoken to teens around the world about plastic waste A. ①③ B. ②③ C. ①④‎ ‎【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述如今白色污染已经是最严重的问题，一个九岁的孩子创建了一个项目希望减少白色污染，并且讲述了他为减少白色污染而做的努力。‎ ‎17. C【解析】细节理解题。根据When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws(吸管) do Americans use every day可知，在他9岁时，他关心吸管问题，故选C。‎ ‎18. B【解析】细节理解题。根据In hopes of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011可知，他创办这个项目的目的是为了减少白色污染，故选B ‎19. A【解析】细节理解题。根据He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order可知，他让伯灵顿的饭店不要主动向顾客提供吸管，故选A。‎ ‎20. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Plastic straws are especially terrible. They make it easy for people to get comfortable with single-use plastics可知，他们使人们很容易适应一次性塑料，故选C。‎ ‎21. C【解析】细节理解题。根据For the years that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States可知，他尝试着将他的项目遍及整个美国，①是他做的；根据Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban ( 禁 止 ) plastic straws可知，西雅图成为美国第一个全面禁止使用塑料吸管的城市，②错误；根据According to scientists, more than eight million tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year可知，科学家说每年有800万吨塑料被倒入海洋中，不是他计算的，排除③；根据He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world可知，他对全世界许多学生说关于白色污染的问题，④正确，故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 细节理解题是考试时经常考查的一个题型。做细节理解题时，首先要先读题干，划题干中的关键词，再根据关键词定位至文中即可找到正确答案。‎ ‎（六）【2019 • 湖南省郴州市】‎ In today’s world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to people’s health. However, not all the people know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and that is harmful to human health, too. ‎ People who work and live under noisy conditions usually become deaf. Today, scientists believe that 10% of the workers in Britain are becoming deaf because of the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print newspapers and who weave cloth（织布）become deaf. Plenty of people living near airports also become deaf. Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65-year-old persons, because these young people like to listen to pop music and most of pop music is a kind of noise. Besides, noise which is produced by jet planes or machines will make people’s life difficult and unpleasant. It can make people ill or even drive them mad.‎ It is said that a continuous noise of more than 85 decibels（分贝）can cause deafness. Now the governments in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels.‎ In China, the government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also noise pollution problems.‎ ‎22. Scientists believe 10% of the workers _____________ are becoming deaf because of their noisy workplaces.‎ A. in America B. in China C. in Britain ‎23. _____________ will probably become deaf.‎ A. Workers who print newspapers B. People who live far from airports C. Students who like listening to soft music ‎24. According to the passage, noise from jet planes or machines can _____________.‎ A. make people sleepy B. drive people mad C. cause people to die ‎25. The underlined word "continuous" means _____________ in Chinese.‎ A. 正常的 B. 持续的 C. 清晰的 ‎26. What’s the best title of this passage?‎ A. Air Pollution B. Water Pollution C. Noise Pollution ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，说明了在今天的世界上，几乎每个人都知道空气污染对人们身体有害，然而，并不是所有人都知道噪声污染也对身体有害，声音超过85分贝，可以导致耳聋，所以在每个国家制定法律减少或控制噪音使它小于85分贝。‎ ‎22. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Today, scientists believe that 10% of the workers in Britain are becoming deaf because of the noise where they work.可知，科学家们认为，英国有10%‎ 的工人因为工作场所嘈杂而耳聋。故选C。‎ ‎23. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Many of the workers who print newspapers and who weave cloth（织布）become deaf.可知，印刷报纸的工人可能变聋。故选A。‎ ‎24. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Besides, noise which is produced by jet planes or machines will make people’s life difficult and unpleasant. It can make people ill or even drive them mad.可知，根据通道，喷气式飞机或机器发出的噪音会使人发疯。故选B。‎ ‎25. B【解析】词句猜测题。根据下文noise of more than 85 decibels（分贝）can cause deafness. Now the governments in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels.可知，据说持续超过85分贝的噪音会导致耳聋。continuous的意思是＂持续＂。故选B。‎ ‎26. C【解析】标题判断题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了噪音污染的危害。故选C。‎ ‎（七）【2019 • 浙江省杭州市】‎ ‎ Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). The defect happens when a baby’s top lip or mouth doesn’t form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.‎ Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.‎ A Smile Train doctor from the UK said, ＂Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy. Every year I perform hundreds of operations free of cost through Smile Train. Some of the stories I have heard are quite surprising. One newborn baby girl was found abandoned on a train. Luckily for her, she was found and adopted (收养) by a passenger. This lady then heard about Smile Train and brought the baby to our hospital. I did the operation and gave hope to the family. Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.＂‎ ‎27. Smile Train is a charity which _____________.‎ A. provides food and medical care for poor children B. raises money for all the doctors working in the UK C. offers free medical help to children with the facial defect.‎ D. gives children without parents new hope and a new beginning.‎ ‎28. The underlined word ＂abandoned＂ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____________.‎ A. given up B. dressed up C. called up D. brought up ‎29. What did the doctor from the UK think of his volunteer work?‎ A. Dangerous. B. Surprising. C. Relaxing. D. Valuable.‎ ‎30. It can be inferred from the passage that _____________.‎ A. children with the facial defect are becoming more ashamed than before B. more doctors are trained to help children with the facial defect C. fewer baby boys with the facial defect are operated on than girls D. doctors in Smile Train are always well paid for doing the operations ‎【文章大意】这篇短文给我们介绍了一个慈善团体——微笑列车，这个组织是帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童的，给他们提供手术，给这些孩子新的微笑、新的希望、新的开始。‎ ‎27. C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段第一句话和最后一句话Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). ..The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.可知，微笑列车是一个慈善团体，它帮助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的儿童，为他们提供手术。由此可知应选C。‎ ‎28. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据单词所在的句子In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations.可知，因为父母为这样的孩子感到羞耻或者不能提供手术的费用，这些孩子经常在出生时就被遗弃。given up放弃；dressed up盛装打扮；called up打电话；brought up抚养，提出。根据文章的语境分析可知应选A。‎ ‎29. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中这个医生所说的话Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy…I did the operation and gave hope to the family可知，他通过微笑列车做了几百个手术，给了这些孩子第二次生命，让这些孩子快乐的生活，给他们的家人带来了希望。由此可知推测，他觉得自己的这份工作是非常有价值的。Dangerous危险的；Surprising令人吃惊的；Relaxing令人放松的；Valuable有价值的。故应选D。‎ ‎30. B【解析】推理判断题。根据短文的最后Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.可知，经验丰富的医生与当地的医生分享技术，确保手术的成功，由此可知B选项＂更多的医生被训练去帮助有面部缺陷的孩子们＂符合文意，故选B。‎ ‎（八）【2019 • 浙江省杭州市】‎ A myth is something that is not correct, but many people believe. There are a lot of myths about the human brain.‎ One of the biggest myths is that we only use 10 percent of our brains. The next part of the myth is that if we can learn to use the rest of our brains, then we’ll be much smarter. People say this all the time, but it’s absolutely not true! The truth is that although we don’t know everything about the human brain, we know that each part of it has an important function (功能) . Modern scientists think the "10 percent myth" ridiculous (荒谬的) . ‎ The other most popular myth is about being "right brained" or "left brained". According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of their brains are better at math and science. This is as popular as the 10 percent myth, and it’s also wrong. In 2013, a study at an American university examined the right brain and left brain myth. According to the study, we use both sides of our brains equally (相等地). " ‎ It’s true that we use different parts of our brains for different things. We use our left side for language more, and our right side when we need to pay attention. But there is no evidence (证据) that creative people use the right side more or that scientific people use the left side more.‎ We’ve talked about myths, so let’s look at a few interesting facts about the brain. First of all, the brain feels no pain. Second, about 75 percent of the brain is made of water. It’s also the fattest organ in your body. Here’s another interesting fact about the brain. Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing.‎ ‎31. The underlined word "This" in Paragraph 3 refers to ______________.‎ A. the left brain myth B. the right brain and left brain myth C. the use of human brains D. the study of an American university ‎32. According to the facts mentioned in the passage, _____________ may use the left brain more.‎ A. Robert, who is learning English B. Kate, who is drawing pictures C. Jenny, who is designing clothes D. Jacob, who is doing research ‎33. Which of the following is TRUE about the human brain?‎ A. It is growing all life long. B. The right side is used more by artists.‎ C. Some parts of it are not used at all. D. Three quarters of it is made of water.‎ ‎34. The passage mainly tells about _____________.‎ A. the growing of the brain B. different functions of the brain C. right brain and left brain D. myths and facts about the brain ‎【文章大意】文章是关于大脑的一些事情，有人说我们的大脑只是用了10%,‎ 如果我们能学会使用剩余部分我们会更聪明，科学家认为这种说法很荒谬，我们知道大脑的每一部分都有它的重要作用，还有另外一种说法就是左右脑的说法，说使用右脑的人更有艺术性和创造性，使用左脑的人更擅长数学和科学，美国的一项科学研究说我们使用左右脑是均衡的，脑子的不同部分有不同的作用，左边是语言中枢，当我们需要注意的时候使用右边。我们的大脑没有痛感，75%是水，它也是我们的身体最肥的组织，18岁脑子就停止生长。‎ ‎31. B【解析】细节理解题。根据The other most popular myth is about being "right brained" or "left brained". According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of their brains are better at math and science. 和as popular as the 10 percent myth,可知是左右脑的传说；故选B。‎ ‎32. A【解析】细节理解题。根据We use our left side for language more,可知是学英语的；故选A。‎ ‎33. D【解析】推理判断题。根据Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing.可知A不对，根据But there is no evidence(证据) that creative people use the right side more or that scientific people use the left side more.可知B不对；根据Modern scientists think the "10 percent myth" ridiculous (荒谬的) .和It’s true that we use different parts of our brains for different things.可知C不对；根据about 75 percent of the brain is made of water.可知D是对的；故选D。‎ ‎34. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章是关于大脑的一些事情，有人说我们的大脑只是用了10%,如果我们能学会使用剩余部分我们会更聪明，科学家认为这种说法很荒谬，我们知道大脑的每一部分都有它的重要作用，还有另外一种说法就是左右脑的说法，说使用右脑的人更有艺术性和创造性，使用左脑的人更擅长数学和科学，美国的一项科学研究说我们使用左右脑是均衡的，脑子的不同部分有不同的作用，左边是语言中枢，当我们需要注意的时候使用右边。我们的大脑没有痛感，75%是水，它也是我们的身体最肥的组织，18岁脑子就停止生长。可知文章主要是讲大脑的传说和事实的文章；故选D。‎ ‎（九）【2019 • 山东省济宁市】‎ In a rainforest there are tall trees. The top of these trees is called the canopy. Scientists want to learn about the canopy. They want to learn about everything that lives there. But it has not been easy to get to the canopy.‎ Meg is an American biologist, ecologist, explorer, writer, educator, and public speaker. Since she knows a lot about trees, she is sometimes called Canopy Meg. Meg has always liked trees. When she was a child, she made tree ‎ houses. Now, she has climbed to the top of trees all over the world and does great research, so she has got a nickname called ＂Einstein of the treetops.＂‎ Walkways in the rainforest were Meg’s idea. Now, they are used by many people. A walkway is like a bridge that goes between the trees. It is safe and it doesn’t harm the trees. A walkway, however, cannon help scientists reach the top.‎ One way to reach the top is by a light raft filled with air. It has a huge net on it. A hot air balloon drops the raft onto the trees. Scientists can stand on the raft and look into the trees.‎ A tower crane is also a good way to get to the top. It can go above the tree tops. It can go all the way down to the ground, too. Scientists are learning about life in the canopy. They have learned there are millions of insects that are eating leaves in these treetops.‎ Meg’s job is to keep finding out more. She wants to help find the secrets of treetops. There are still millions of animals that no one has seen. Many of them are in the treetops.‎ ‎35. What do scientists go to the treetops for?‎ A. To build walkways there. B. To learn about the rainforest.‎ C. To study living things there. D. To look at the things far away.‎ ‎36. Why is Meg called "Einstein of the treetops?‎ A. Because she has always liked trees.‎ B. Because she made tree houses in her childhood C. Because she is an American biologist and explorer.‎ D. Because she does great scientific research on treetops ‎37. How many ways of getting to the treetops are mentioned in the passage?‎ A. One B. Two. C. Three. D. Four ‎38. Which picture does a walkway look like?‎ A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎【文章大意】文章讲述了Meg关于对树冠的研究，她在小时候就对树冠感兴趣，因此得到＂树梢的爱因斯坦＂的绰号，文章介绍了到达树梢的方法，一个可以用热气球，也可以用塔吊，科学家也研究树冠上的生命，树冠上有成百上千万的吃树叶的昆虫，Meg的工作是坚持弄清楚更多，树冠上仍然有成百上千万的没有人见过的。‎ ‎35. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Scientists are learning about life in the canopy.可知是为了研究树梢的生物；故选C。‎ ‎36. D【解析】细节理解题。根据does great research, so she has got a nickname called ＂Einstein of the treetops.＂可知是因为她对树冠做了伟大的科学研究；故选D。‎ ‎37. B【解析】细节理解题。根据One way to reach the top is by a light raft filled with air.和A tower crane is also a good way to get to the top.可知提到了2个方法；故选B。‎ ‎38. A【解析】图片匹配题。根据A walkway is like a bridge that goes between the trees.可知是像在两棵树之间走的桥，和图片；故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 短文阅读，做题时要结合文章的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关键。例如：小题3细节理解题。根据One way to reach the top is by a light raft filled with air.和A tower crane is also a good way to get to the top.可知提到了2个方法；故选B。‎