【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十七讲定语从句解析卷

【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十七讲定语从句解析卷

‎【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十七讲 定语从句 解析卷 考点分析 ‎ 定语从句是初中英语中一个比较重要的语法项目，同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考点。综观近年来各地的中考英语试题，定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面：一是考查指物的关系代词的用法，二是考查指人的关系代词的用法。另外，它有时也会涉及一些其他的方面，但相对考得比较少。‎ 知识梳理 ‎ ‎ 思维导图记知识点 一、定语从句概述:‎ 在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。‎ 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。‎ 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。‎ 关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。‎ 二、关系代词的用法 ‎1、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。‎ ‎2、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。‎ ‎(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off…)‎ ‎3、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。‎ ‎4、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)‎ ‎5、which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。‎ 三、关系副词的用法 ‎1、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。‎ I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.‎ I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing. ‎ ‎( 介词＋which可以代替 when)‎ ‎2、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。‎ This is the place where we lived for five years.‎ The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.‎ The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.‎ ‎( 介词＋which可以代替where)‎ ‎3、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。‎ I know the reason why he came late. ( for＋which可以代替why)‎ The reason why / for which he was late was that he was ill.‎ 四、关系代词的主谓一致 关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。‎ The student who is good at English studies hard.‎ The students who are good at English study hard.‎ 五、只能用that的情况小结：‎ ‎1. 在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。‎ ‎ There are two novels that I want to read.　 我要读的有两本小说。 ‎ ‎ 2. 当先行词为主句的表语 ‎ This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。 ‎ ‎3. 以Here is (are)开头的句子时。‎ ‎ Here is a film that will move anyone. 这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。 ‎ ‎4. It is (high) time +定语从句中。‎ ‎ It is time that we should have a rest. 我们应该休息了。 ‎ ‎5. 当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，可省略。‎ ‎ This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。 ‎ ‎6. 在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。‎ ‎ He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest. 他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。 ‎ ‎7. 当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。‎ ‎ This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。 ‎ ‎8. 在强调句子中，并且以who ,which, what开头时。‎ ‎ Who was it that was lost ?　究竟是谁迷路了？‎ ‎9. 当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。‎ ‎ You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。 ‎ ‎10. 当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时，‎ ‎ This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。 ‎ ‎11. 当先行词既指人又指物时。‎ ‎ The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .‎ ‎12. 当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which或者that均可。‎ ‎ Everything we have seen in China is moving.　我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。 ‎ ‎13. 当先行词是疑问代词who时。‎ ‎ Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?　 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？‎ 六、定语从句分类 定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 ‎① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：‎ I was the only person in my office who was invited. ‎② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。‎ This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.‎ 考点突破 考点一：考查指物的关系代词的用法 典例1:（2018甘肃白银）26. I really like the family photo ___ we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.‎ A. who B. that C. what D. whose ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：我真的很喜欢爷爷80岁生日时拍的全家福。本题考查定语从句。A. who指代人；B. that既可以指人又可以指物；C. what不能引导定语从句；D. whose指代某人/物的。根据题干 举一反三 ‎( )1.(2018•四川成都) 39. A kind of shared bike is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.‎ A. it B. who C. which ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：一种名叫“小蓝单车”的共享自行车在成都正变得越来越受欢迎。关系词who和which都可引导定语从句，who指代人；which指代物，这里的先行词bike是物，故用which引导定语从句。故选C。‎ ‎( )2.(2018·甘肃兰州) 32. She often parks her car near the house ______ she can easily get to.‎ A. where B. who C. which D. what ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。______ she can easily get to是house的定语从句，先行词house是物，该词在定语从句中做宾语，因此用代词。故选C。‎ ‎( )3.（2018·湖北随州）—Why are you so worried? ‎ ‎—I've lost the watch _______ my dad bought me on my birthday.‎ A. what B. who C. whose D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：—为什么你这么焦急？—我丢失了爸爸在我生日那天给我买的手表。先行词为watch，表物，故关系代词需用that或which，故选D。‎ 考点二：考查指人的关系代词的用法 当先行词为指人的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词应用that, who, whom——that和who可用作主语或宾语，而whom只用作宾语。这是各地中考英语命题涉及相当多的一个知识点(从数量上看，比考查指物的关系代词的用法要少一些)。如：‎ 典例2：(2018 湖北黄冈)8. -- Class, you should be thankful to those people _______ helped and supported you.‎ ‎-- We will. Miss Chen.‎ A. which B. whom C. who D. whose ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：——同学们，你们应该感谢那些帮助你们和支持你们的人。——陈小姐，我们会的。which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语、宾语和表语；whom引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语或表语；who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语或宾语。whose引导定语从句，修饰人或物，作定语；此处修饰先行词people，表示人，作定语从句的主语，故用who。故选C。‎ 举一反三 ‎( )1.（2018 湖南郴州）3. --Do you know the student _______got an A in the English exam?‎ ‎---Of course. She is my deskmate, Li Hong A. who B. whom C. whose ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：——你认识在英语考试中得A的那个学生吗？——当然，她是我同桌，李红。这是定语从句结构，先行词是the student，引导词在从句中作主语，所以用who；故选A ‎( )2.（2018四川宜宾）10. That’s the boy won the first prize in the competition yesterday.‎ A. who B. which C. whom ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：那是做题比赛赢得一等奖的那个男孩。这是一个定语从句，先行词是the boy，引导词在从句中做主语成分；故选A ‎( )3.（2018 河南省）33, Anyone who is a server or____ has been one knows that customers always come first.‎ ‎ A. whom B. what C. who D, which ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考查定语从句。or表示并列, who is a sever是一个定语从句,先行词是 anyone,所以Or后面的定语从句的先行词也是 anyone,在从句里面做主语,所以答案选C。‎ 考点三：考查关系副词的用法 典例5：This is the primary school ______ I studied three years ago.(四川宜宾中考题)‎ A. where B. when C. that D. which ‎【解析】由于受定语从句修饰的名词the primary school(小学)表示地点，所以定语从句用where来引导(同时where在定语从句中用作地点状语)。句意为：这就是我三年前就读的小学。‎ ‎【答案】A 举一反三 ‎1. There will be a flower show in the park ______ we visited last week.(广东中考题)‎ A. who B. where C. what D. which ‎【解析】虽然先行词park(公园)表示“地点”，但此空格处不能填where，因为关系词在定语从句中不是用作状语，而是用作宾语(作动词visited的宾语)，故此题的答案是D，而不是B。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎2. I still remember the time ______ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.( 湖北黄石中考题)‎ A. when B. what C. who D. which ‎【解析】尽管先行词time表示“时间”，但此空格处不能填when，因为关系词在定语从句中不是用作状语，而是用作宾语(作动词spent的宾语)，故此题的答案是D，而不是A。‎ ‎【答案】D 考点四:综合考查关系代词和其他知识 典例4:(2018·山东潍坊) 28. —What kind of movies do you prefer?‎ ‎ —I prefer the movies ________ me something to think about.‎ A. which give B. that gives C. that gives D. who gives ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：—你更喜欢哪类电影？—我更喜欢提供一些东西让我思考的电影。先行词movie为“物”，用which或that引导定语从句，本句先行词movies用了复数形式，定语从句中的谓语动词就应该用原形。故选A。‎ 举一反三 ‎( )1. (2018. 四川遂宁)Alice prefers stories that _____short and funny. ‎ A. are B. is C. was D. were ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句中be动词的用法。句意：爱丽丝喜欢短而有趣的故事。首先确定句子为一般现在时，先行词stories为复数，确定be动词为are，故选A。‎ ‎2. (2017·辽宁丹东·40)My cousin is a boy ________ lots of trouble to his parents.‎ A. who bring B. which brings C. who brings D. that bring ‎[解析]句意：我的表弟是一个把许多麻烦带给父母的男孩儿。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，空格前boy为人，关系代词应用who，故排除B、D项，且boy为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C 真题在线 ‎( )1.(2018•湖北咸宁) 31. 一CCTV has produced a TV show-Chinese Poetry Competition. Have you seen it? ‎ 一Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, _________ studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan, is the winner.‎ A. which B. where C. who D. whom ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：——中央电视台已经开播了一档新的电视节目《中国诗歌大赛》。你看过这个节目吗？——当然看过了。在复旦大学附中学习的16岁的学生武亦姝是大赛的获胜者。定语从句的引导词which用来指物；where用来指地点；who和whom用来指人，前者在定语从句中一般作主语；后者作宾语。这里指代武亦姝，在从句中作主语。故选C。‎ ‎( )2.(2018·广东省)44. According to a survey, people _______ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily. ‎ A. which B. whom C. whose D. who ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句连接词。people为定语从句的先行词，当先行词为人时，需用who或that。故选D。‎ ‎( )3.(2018·甘肃天水) 34. Tu Youyou is the woman ___________ used the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.‎ A. which B. who C. whose D. /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦是一位运用了植物的特殊能量挽救了数百万人的生命的女性。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，空格后从句缺少主语，且先行词为woman，故用关系代词who修饰woman。故选B。‎ ‎( )4.（2018•湖南湘潭）26.I can’t find the shoes ____ I bought last week. So I have to buy another pair.‎ A.who B which C what ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：我找不到我上周买的那双鞋，所以我不得不再买一双。分析句意可知：空格后I bought last week修饰先行词shoes是“物”，故用which引导。‎ ‎( )5.(2018·湖南永州)30. Have you heard about the TV program Reader _____ is very popular now?‎ A. which B. who C. where ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：你听过朗读者这个目前很受欢迎的电视节目吗？从句的先行次词为the TV program Reader表物故选A。‎ ‎( )6.(2018·湖南岳阳) 28. We should look up to those scientists sent Tianzhou-1 Cargo Spaceship (天舟一号货运飞船) to space.‎ A. which B. who C. what ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：我们应该仰慕那些把天舟一号货运飞船送上太空的科学家。those scientists为定语从句的先行词，当先行词为人时，需用who或that引导。故选B。‎ ‎( )7.(2018•湖南株洲) 27. The man called yesterday wants to buy the house.‎ A. who B. what C. which ‎【答案】 A ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句中的关系代词。句意：昨天打电话的那个人想买房子。分析句子结构知，本定语从句的先行词是the man指人，应用关系代词who引导。故选A。‎ ‎( )8.(2018·山东滨州)32. I’d like to tell you about the table manners _____ you should know when you visit France.‎ A. which B. who C. what D. how ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我想告诉你当你参观法国时你应该熟知的餐桌礼仪。先行词table manners是“物”，故定语从句的关系代词用that/which，该关系代词本身在从句中作动词know的宾语。故选A。‎ ‎( )9.(2018•山东临沂) 28. Roald Dahl was a great children’s writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture was different to most other writers. ‎ A. that B. who C. / D. whom ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗尔德·达尔是一位著名的儿童作家，他黑暗的过去帮助他画了一幅与大多数其他作家不同的肖像画。这里的先行词是a picture，表示事物，用that引导定语从句。故选A。‎ ‎( )10.(2017•山东泰安) 33. Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house ___ he was born in.‎ A. which B. where C. what D. it ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：昨天格林先生去了他的故乡，参观了他出生的老宅。题中先行词是the old house，而且关系代词在从句中作in的宾语，因此只能用which。故选A。‎ ‎( )11.（2017·湖北十堰）38. This is a heartwarming story about a boy_____ saved his mother's life.‎ A. which B. who C. whose D. whom ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：这是一个关于男孩的感人故事，这个男孩救了他母亲的生命。先行词为a boy，表示人，且该空关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用who。故选B。‎ ‎( )12.(2017·四川眉山) 34. Lily loves music _______ she can sing along with.‎ A. which B. who C. what D. whom ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：李莉喜欢能伴唱的音乐。由该句的先行词是music，且在从句中with的宾语，故用which引导。故选A。‎ ‎( )13.(2017·福建) 34. —Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV?‎ ‎—Sure. It’s a great TV programme ______ brings the habit of reading back into the public.‎ A. who B. that C. what ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句中的关系代词。分析句子结构知，本定语从句的先行词是a great TV programme指事物，应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故选C。‎ ‎( )14.(2017·贵州贵阳)35. My hometown is the place _____ holds all my sweet memories. ‎ A. who B. which C. what ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的家乡就是承载着我所有甜美梦想的地方。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，空格后缺少主语，且先行词为place，故用关系代词which。‎ ‎( )15.(2017·贵州安顺) 32. Sara is the girl has taught me how to use Wechat(微信).‎ A. whom B. which C. what D. who ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：萨拉是已经教我如何使用微信的那个女孩。定语从句中，先行词the girl表示人，其关系代词应用that或who。故选D。‎ ‎( )16.（2017·河南）33. I hate the dogs ______ live in the next house. They make loud noises all night.‎ A. who B. that C. what D. whom ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句用法。句中先行词the dogs表示“物”, 用that或which引导定语从句。故选B。‎ ‎( )17.(2017·贵州黔南州)28. The car _______ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.‎ A. whose B. whom C. who D. which ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。由句意知，本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词the car指物，应用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故选D。‎ ‎( )18.(2017·贵州六盘水)We still remember the lovely teachers _______ have taught us for 3 years.‎ A. who B. whose C. whom D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句中关系代词辨析。句意：我们仍然记得教育我们3年的那些可爱的老师们。分析句子结构知，本句是含有定语从句的复合句，其先行词teachers指人，应用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。故选A。‎ ‎( )19.(2017·四川内江)29. The lady in the kitchen _________ is doing the dishes is my aunt.‎ A. where B. who C. which D. whom,‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。_______ is doing the dishes is my aunt是定语从句，先行词the lady是人，且关系代词在从句中作主语，因此用who。故选B。‎ ‎( )20.(2017·湖南怀化)29. —Do you know the man ______ is talking with our Chinese teacher?‎ ‎— Yes. He is my uncle, Mr King. ‎ A.which B.who C.whom ‎ ‎【答案】Ｂ ‎【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：——你认识那个正同我们语文老师说话的那位男士吗？——是的。他是我的叔叔金先生。which先行词为物，在从句中作主语或者宾语；‎ ‎ who先行词为人，在从句中作主语或者宾语；whom先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；本句中先行词为man，且在从句中作主语，用who。故选B。‎ 模拟演练 ‎( )1.(2018·湖北黄石模拟)37. —Tom usually helps others with math problem and Mr. Li often praises him for it.‎ ‎—I agree. A student is always helping others is worth praise.‎ A. whom B. which C. who D. whose ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句。答句意为：我同意。一个总是帮助别人的同学值得表扬。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为a student，在从句中做主语，故用who引导该定语从句。故选C。‎ ‎( )2.（2018·湖北鄂州模拟）—Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.‎ ‎ —He is a great astronaut of ________ all the Chinese are proud.‎ A. that B. whose C. who D. whom ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句引导词辨析。句意：—请告诉我关于杨利伟的情况。—他是一位伟大的宇航员，所有中国人都以他为豪。此空引导词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词表人，故只能使用whom。故选D。‎ ‎( )3.（2018·吉林模拟）29. Ode to Joy（欢乐颂）is a TV play many people like.‎ A. why B. that C. who ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：欢乐颂是一部许多人都喜欢看的电视剧。先行词TV play表示某一事物，关系代词由that引导，故选B。‎ ‎( )4.(2018·四川巴中模拟) 48. I like music ______ I can dance to.‎ A. that B. what C. who ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢可以跟着一起跳舞的音乐。本题的先行词music，指物，故用引导词that或which。故选A。‎ ‎( )5..(2017·四川达州模拟)Journey to the West is a book ________ influences teenagers a lot. It is very popular.‎ A. who B. when C. which D. what ‎[解析]从句式看，此句为定语从句，其先行词为表示“物”的名词，故选择which作关系代词。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎( )6..(2017·天水模拟)—Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel?‎ ‎—Yes. Hansel is a smart boy________ often comes up with a good idea.‎ A. who B. whom C. where D. which ‎[解析]句意：——你读过《韩塞尔与葛雷特》吗？——是的。韩塞尔是一个经常想出好主意的聪明男孩。先行词是boy，且在从句中作主语，关系代词用who。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎( )7..(2017·云南曲靖模拟)She often parks her car near the house ________ she can easily get to.‎ A. where B. who C. which D. what ‎[解析]________ she can easily get to是house的定语从句，先行词house是物，该词在定语从句中做宾语，因此用代词。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎( )8..(2017·贵州黔东南模拟)—Why are you so worried?‎ ‎—I've lost the watch ________ my dad bought me on my birthday.‎ A. what B. who C. whose D. which ‎ ‎[解析]句意：——为什么你这么焦急？——我丢失了爸爸在我生日那天给我买的手表。先行词为watch，表物，故关系代词需用that或which，故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎( )9. .(2016·黑龙江哈尔滨模拟)This is a heartwarming story about a boy_____ saved his mother's life.‎ A. which B. who C. whose D. whom ‎[解析]句意：这是一个关于男孩的感人故事，这个男孩救了他母亲的生命。先行词为a boy，表示人，且该空关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用who。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎( )10..(2016·广西贺州模拟)According to a survey，people ________ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.‎ A. which B. whom C. whose D. who ‎[解析]people为定语从句的先行词，当先行词为人时，需用who或that。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎( )11..(2016·福建福州模拟) —Tom usually helps others with math problem and Mr. Li often praises him for it.‎ ‎—I agree. A student ________ is always helping others is worth praise.‎ A. whom B. which C. who D. whose ‎[解析] 答句意为：我同意。一个总是帮助别人的同学值得表扬。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为a student，在从句中做主语，故用who引导该定语从句。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎( )12..(2016·辽宁阜新模拟)—What do you think of the TV programme called Readers?‎ ‎—Wonderful! It is the best programme ________ I have ever watched.‎ A. when B. that C. what D. who ‎[解析]句意：——你认为《朗读者》这个节目怎么样？——很精彩！这是我看过的最好的节目。先行词programme“节目”提示用which或that引导定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】D