初中英语语法系列---定语从句

初中英语语法系列---定语从句

Good afternoon! The Attributive Clause 定语从句 Which baby is Jack ? 穿红裤子的 baby 是 Jack。 The baby is Jack. The baby is Jack. whose trousers are red who is wearing red trousers Jack Which house is mine ? 房顶是棕色的 房子是我的。 The house is mine. whose roof is brown My house 什么是定语从句呢？ 答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子 定语从句 用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的 名（代）词叫作 先行词 。定语从句一般紧跟在先 行词的后面。 1. The students ( who don’t study hard ) will not pass 先行词 定语从句 the exam. 主句 : The students will not pass the exam. 2. The woman ( who you saw in the park ) is our 先行词 定语从句 English teacher. 主句 : The woman is our English teacher. 从句的主语： you 从句的宾语： whom 3. A shoe shop is a shop ( which sells shoes ) . 主句： A shoe shop is a shop. 从句的主语 : which 4. The book ( that you want ) is on the desk. 主句 从句的主语 : 从句的宾语： The book is on the desk. you that 引导定语从句的 关系代词 常见的有 that, which,who whom 等。 关系代词 放在 先行词和定语从句之间 ， 起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。 The man ( that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room. 主语 I lost the book ( ( that/which ) you gave me). 宾语 关系代词: 1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2. whom 指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省 ) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li. 3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books? 4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that) I told you about. 归纳： that , 即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。 which , 指物，作主语或宾语。 who, whom 指人 , who 作主语 , whom 作宾语。 that, which, whom 在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。 1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly. 2) The car ____________________ my uncle bought last week was stolen. 3) The students ________________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 4) The woman ___________________ you saw in the park is our English teacher. which/that which/that/ / / who/that whom/that/ / / The house ___________we live in is very old. Those are the shoes __________ I lost last week. That is the man __________ found my handbag. Lucy can’t eat food __________ has chocolate in it. The car __________ my uncle bought last month is very beautiful. which/ that which/ that who/ that which/ that which/ that 6. The village __________ Guo Peng lives in is very far away. 7. The boy __________ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 8. I hate people __________ talk much but do little. 9. The detective found the thieves __________ robbed the Bank of Hawaii. 10. My aunt works in a university __________ has over five thousand students. which/ that who/ that who/ that who/ that which/ that Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, or which. 1 The earthquake ____________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 2 We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake. 3 The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 4 A house ___________ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake. 5 Luckily none of the people ___________ I know were killed in the earthquake. 6 People _________ study earthquakes thinks that there will be another big one soon . which/ that who/ that which/ that which/ that who/ whom who Exercises 1. The books_______I borrowed from the library was newly published. 2. The ID card _______I lost last week was found in a supermarket. 3. The newspapers ______we have collected will be recycled. 4. Most of the cars ________were stolen have not been found yet. 5. The students ______are visiting the natural museum are very interested in the dinosaurs. that which which which who 6. The girl _____ is taking care of the baby is my aunt’s baby-sitter. 7. All the women _____ were working in that factory had a day off on Women’s Day. 8. 吉姆住的房间看起来很漂亮 The room _________________ looks very nice. 9. 那就是刚才偷我钱包的那个人 That is the man ___________________________. 10. 昨天抢银行的小偷被抓住了 The thieves _______________________________ were caught. 11. He talked happily about the men and books________ interested him greatly in the school. (which/that) who who which Jim lives in who stole my purse just now who robbed the bank yesterday that 以下情况只能用 that 1 先行词既 有指人又有指物 2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有 the only,the very 等修饰时 3 先行词是 all, much,anything,something, nothing 等不定代词 4 主句是以 who/which 开头的特殊疑问句时 Fill in the blanks: 1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _______ were in the fields. 2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in front of our school gate. 3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for. 4.This is the second novel ______ I have ever read. 5.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten me. 6.Who is the man _______ is reading under the tree? 7.My hometown is not the same one _______ it used to be twenty years ago. that that that// that// that that that Corrections: 1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher. who 2. Who is the man you just shook hands with him. 3. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids. ( where which ) 4. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used. ( which that ) 5. The house where we live in is not very large. ( where which/that ) 6. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up in the earthquake. 1. That book that you want it is on the desk. 2. Is this factory that we visited last week? the one This factory is the one that we visited last week. 3. He is the person for whom you are looking. for 4. The person to whom you talked is Lily. The person whom you talked to is Lily. 归纳： 1. 定语从句要避免成分重复 2. 定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 when 在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 “ 介词 + 关系代词（ which ） ” 。 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league. on which where 在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于 “ 介词 + 关系代词（ which ） ” 。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. in which = = 关系副词 why 在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于 “ 介词 for+ 关系代词（ which） ” 。 Do you know the reason why she was late. for which = “介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋ which” 引 导定语从句应注意： 1 介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素 A. 与先行词的搭配关系 1 ） I will never forget the day _____________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ____________ I worked in the school. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college. 4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, ____________ most people had had supper. on which during which in which by which B. 与 从句 谓语动词的搭配习惯 1） Have you found the book ____________ I paid 29 US dollars? 2) Have you found the book _____________ I spent 29 US dollars? 3) Have you found the book _____________ we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book ____________ she often talks? for which on which from which about which Fill in the blanks. 1. I still remember the day _________ we spent in the forest. 2. I still remember the day ____________ I first came to Beijing. 3. The factory _________ we will visit is large. 4. The factory ____________ his father works is large. 5. I’ll never forget the time _____________ we work on the farm. 6. This is the house ____________ we lived last year. that/which when/on which that/which where/in which when/at which where/in which 归纳 : 关系副词 when 指时间 , 关系副词 where 指地点 , 在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点 , 若 作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词 that, which. 8. The 5 yuan_____________ he bought the book was given by his friend. 9. I can’t forget the days _______ I studied in college. I can’t forget the days ______ I spent in college. 10. The old man always wears his glasses _________ _________ he can’t see anything. 11.The key_________ she was opening the door broke. 12. The library ___________ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school. 13. No one knows the reason __________ she is leaving so early. 14. At last they came to a river _____________ a new bridge is being built. for which on which without which with which to which for which over which which 定语从句： Complete the following sentences: 1. Is this the school ________ you visited last year? Is this school _____ _____ you visited last year? 2. He is one of the students who _____ good at maths. He is the only one of the students who _____ good at math. 3. The girl _____ was always honest lied to me. The girl ______ I met lied to me. 4. I don’t know the time _______ she arrived. 5.China is no longer the country ________ I saw 10 years ago. that/which the one are is who whom when that/which 6. The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from ___________ you bought last month. The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from the one________ you bought last month. 7. Do you still remember the hotel ____________ we lived last summer holiday? Do you still remember the park ___________we visited last summer holiday? 8. This is the room ____________ my grandmother used to lived in. This is the room __________ my grandmother used to live . the one that in which that/which which/that in which 9. He has two sons, and both of _____ work as actors. He has two sons, both of _____ work as actors. 10.China has hundreds of islands, ____ _____ Taiwan is the largest. China has hundreds of islands, the largest_____ _______ is Taiwan. 11.This is the house _____ _____ the window was broken yesterday. This is the house _______ window was broken yesterday. 12.He is the teacher _____ ______ help we have made great progress. them whom of which of which of which whose with whose 1.I’ll remember the day _____ I spent with my friend. 2.I’ll remember the day __________ I was born. 3. I’ll remember the day _________ is special to me. 4.This is the place _________is quiet and beautiful. 5.This is the place ______________I like very much. 6. This is the place ____________ I worked for one year. 7. That’s the reason _____________he told us. 8. That’s the reason __________ he came late for class. 用正确的关系词填空。 that / which/ Ø on which/ when that / which that / which that / which/ Ø in which/ where that / which/ Ø for which/ why 1.He is the very person __ I like. it B. which C. this D. that 2.This is the first place ___ we visited last year. which B. what C. that D. where 3.Money is not the only thing ___ is missing. which B. that C. who D. whose 4.This is ___ I wanted. A. the one B. what C. the one that D. all the above 5. A clock is that ___ tells us time. A. that B. which C. it D. who 6.Who is the teacher __ is working in the office? A. who B. that C. whom D. which 7.I like things and persons ___ are interesting. A. who B. that C. which D. whom D C B D B B B 在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点： 1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此， 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。 2 当先行词指人时， 关系代词可用 who（ 做主语，宾语）， that（ 做主语，宾语）， whom（ 作宾语）， whose（ 作定语） 3 当先行词指物时， 关系代词可用 that（ 做主语，宾语）， which（ 做主语，宾语） 4 在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词常可省略，但在 介词后面的关系代词 不能省略 。指人时，介词后只用 whom， 指物时，介词后只用 which。 The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li. 如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略 指物，只用 which 指人, 只用 whom Is this the library from which you borrow books? Is this the library (which) you borrow books from ? The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, or which. 1 The earthquake ____________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 2 We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake. 3 The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 4 A house ___________ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake. 5 Luckily none of the people ___________ I know were killed in the earthquake. 6 People _________ study earthquakes thinks that there will be another big one soon. which/that who/that which/that which/that who/whom who 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用 who（ 做主语，宾语）， that（ 做主语，宾语）， whom（ 作宾语）， whose（ 作定语） Talking about people 1 She looked at Jeff who / that was waving his arms. 2 Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday? 3 Is this the boy whom you spoke to just now? 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用 that（ 做主语，宾语）， which（ 做主语，宾语） Talking about things 1 The story that / which you read is “The Rescue”. 2 And there she saw a wall of water that / which was quickly advancing towards her. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li. 如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略 指物，只用 which 指人, 只用 whom Is this the library from which you borrow books? Is this the library (which) you borrow books from ? The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句： My sister , who is twenty, works in a bank. The man who came here yesterday has come again. 限制性定语从句 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从 句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。 非限制性定语从句 和主句关系不很密切，只是对先 行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。 这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。 在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用 who， 指物时，只用 which。 She looked at Jeff, who was waving his arms. Football, which is a very interesting game, is loved by most people in the world. whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词 与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose 多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which 互换使用。 Whose is used instead for his/her/their/its. This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose that, or which. 1 I have a friend ______ likes listening to classical music. 2 Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her. 3 The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player. 4 Kevin is reading a book __________ is too difficult for him. who which/that whose Which/that Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose that, or which. 5 The family _____ I’m staying with lives in town. 6 I know the student ________ article was published. 7 Betty, ______ has never been abroad, is studying English very well. 8 My parents live in a house ____________ is more than 100 years old. 9 The boy with _______ John spoke is my brother. that whose who which/that whom when 在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 “ 介词+ 关系代词（ which） ” 。 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league. on which where 在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于 “ 介词+ 关系代词（ which） ” 。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. in which = = why 在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于 “ 介词 for+ 关系代词（ which） ” 。 Do you know the reason why she was late. for which = Exercise 1.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded. which B. when C. that D. on that 2.Is that the reason _____ you are for the plan. which B. what C. why D. for that 3.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded. A. which B. when C. that D. on that 4. Is this the place ______ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that 挑战高难度！！！ 1. Is this the place ______ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that 2. Is this the place ______ some German friends visited last year? A. which B.where C.what D. why 3.The house _______ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now. A. which B.where C.what D.that 4.The house _______ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now . A. that B.where C.what D. why 5.He told her the reason ____ he is unhappy, but she doesn’t believe the reason ______ he gives her. A. why; why B. why; which C. that; why D. which; why 谢谢观赏 ~~~