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人教版新目标英语9年级知识详解unit13
人教版新目标英语9年级unit1-3 Unit 1 How do you study for a test? 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 1. by asking the teacher for help(P2)通过向老师寻求帮助 (1)“ask+sb+for+名词”意为“向某人请求……”;“向某人要求……”。 They asked me for help.他们向我求助。 We asked our PE teacher for a football.我们请求体育老师给我们一个足球。 (2)by作介词时,后接动词-ing形式,这是中考的重点,大家可不要忘记啊! ◎“通过……的方式”。 Mr Green makes a living by teaching.格林先生以教书为生。 ◎“经过(某人/某物)”。 He went by the supermarket on his way to school. 在去上学的路上,他经过那家超市。 ◎“在……旁边,在……附近”。 Li Lei sits by my side in the classroom.在教室里,李雷坐在我的旁边。 ◎“在……之前,不迟于……”。 I can finish doing my homework by six o’clock. 我能在6点之前做完作业。 ◎表示交通方式,意为“乘……”。 I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车去上学。 特别提示 by作副词时,相当于near,意为“靠近”。 The thief stole the money when no one was by.当旁边无人的时候,小偷偷走了钱。 短语链语 ◎by and by “不久”,“一会儿”。 It’s 12 o’clock now and we will go home by and by. 现在12点了,过一会儿我们就要回家了。 ◎by the way “顺便说一下”。 By the way, I forgot to tell you the news. 哦,对了,我忘记告诉你那个消息了。 2. He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it. (P4)他已经学了六年的英语,而且的确很喜欢它。 He’s是He has的缩写。这是一个现在完成进行时态的句子,由“助动词have/has+been+现在分词”构成,用来表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要延续下去。请看: Mr Green has been lying in bed for two weeks. 格林先生已经卧床两个星期了。 We have been teaching in this school for eight and a half years. 我们在这所学校教书已经8年半了。 3. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. (P4)她补充说,和朋友交谈一点帮助都没有。 (1)add的常见意思为“增加,添上,加上”。在本句中表示在说完上面的话语后又添加一些话语,是“又说,补充说”的意思。 It will add to your troubles. 这将会给你们增添麻烦的。 Mr Smith added that he would be back soon. 史密斯先生补充说他很快就会回来。 (2)at all与not, no, nothing, nobody, nowhere等表示否定意义的词连用,用来加强否定意义,表示“完全不,一点儿都不,丝毫不”的意思。 He doesn’t like swimming at all.他一点儿都不喜欢游泳。 There is nothing in the room at all.房间里面什么东西都没有。 ◎not at all单独使用时,用来回答对方的感谢或道歉,相当于That’ s all right, You’re welcome等。但是,You’re welcome主要用于美国英语中,而英国人则多用Not at all。 —Thank you very much for your help.非常感谢你的帮助! —Not at all./That’ s all right./You’re welcome.别客气。 4. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. (P4) 有些话题让我们兴奋不已 ,最后干脆说起汉语来。 (1)be/get excited about意思是“对……感到兴奋”,其中about后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 She got excited about it as soon as she heard the good news. 她一听到那个好消息,就变得很兴奋。 Are you excited about going to Shanghai? 你对去上海感到兴奋吗? 类似短语 be/get worried about “对……感到担心”,be amazed at“对……感到惊讶”,be pleased with“对……感到满意”。 (2)excited表示某人对某物或某事“感到兴奋,激动”,主语常为人。 We were excited when we saw our team was winning. 看到自己的球队要赢了,我们都十分激动。 特别提示 exciting作“令人激动的”,“令人兴奋的”解时,常用来修饰物或事。 The football match we watched was very exciting. 我们观看的那场足球赛非常激动人心。 (3)end up意为“达到某状态或采取某行动,以……结束或告终”,后面接动词-ing形式。 He ended up running a firm. 他最终经营了一家公司。 类似短语 finish up“完成”, eat up“吃光”, burn up“烧光”。 5. Maybe you should join an English language club. (P5)也许你应该参加某个英语俱乐部。 (1)maybe和may be虽然写法相似,意思也相似,但是用法区别很大。maybe是副词,意为“也许,可能”,用作状语;may be意为“也许是,可能是”,may是情态动词,与be一起作谓语。 Maybe you put it there. 也许你把它放在那里了。 But I’m afraid I may be a little late. 但恐怕我可能是晚了一点。 (2)join意为“参加,加入”,主要指参加、加入某党派、团体,成为一员,后面也可跟us, them, the young people等表示一群人的词或词组;而 take part in也意为“参加,加入”,指参加群众性的活动、会议、考试、竞赛等。 My brother joined the League two years ago. 我的哥哥两年前就入团了。 We are getting ready to take part in the speech contest. 我们正准备参加这次演讲比赛。 6. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. (P6)刚开始,当老师和全班学生说话的时候,她的话对我来说很难听懂。 (1)短语first of all意为“首先,第一”,在句中作状语,强调首要的事情是什么,不一定用于列举,常用于first of all..., then..., at last...,使说明的层次更清楚。 First of all, I must finish my work. 首先,我必须完成我的工作。 First of all, I want to say that thank you for coming. 首先,我想说的是感谢你们的到来。 7. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word. (P6)刚开始,她讲得太快,我不能每个词都听懂。 本句中的to begin with意为“首先,第一点(理由)”。 We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’ve no money. 我们不能去。首先是天气太冷了;再者,我们没有钱了。 ◎begin with意为“以……开始”,其后接动词时应用动词-ing形式。 The book begins with a story. 这本书是以一个故事开头。 The party began with dancing. 晚会是以舞蹈开头的。 8. Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. (P6)后来,我意识到即使不理解每个单词也没有关系。 later on是由later与on构成的固定词组,但在意思和用法上与later既有相同之处,也有区别的地方。 特别提示 later与later on的用法 ◎later作副词用,意为“后来”,“以后”,往往以以前或现在的时间或事情为基准,因此,常用于一般过去时或一般将来时。 Later he learned how to repair television sets.后来他学会了修电视机。 The radio says the sun will come out later.广播说太阳过些时候就会出来。 ◎later常和一个表示时间的名词连用,构成“时间段+later”结构。 He came back a week later.一星期后他回来了。 魔力纠错 两天后我再来拜访。 误:I shall call again two days later. 正:I shall call again in two days. 魔力解析 “时间段+later”不可用于从现在算起的若干时间以后。说“从(现在起)……之后”,应该用“in+时间段”。 ◎later on作副词短语使用,也是“后来”,“以后”的意思,有时可与later互换。 That happened later on/later.后来那件事发生了。 ◎later on只可单独使用,不能用于“时间段+later on”结构。 9. It helped a lot. (P6)它很有帮助。 在本句中a lot用作副词,表示“非常,相当”,等于very much。 Thanks a lot. = Thanks very much.多谢。 He is feeling a lot better today.他今天感觉好多了。 ◎a lot还可作“经常,常常”解,相当于often。 They use the recorder a lot in English class.在英语课上,他们常用录音机。 ◎a lot of=lots of,修饰可数名词或不可数名词,意为“许多”,相当于many或much。 There is a lot of(=lots of) homework to do.有许多作业要做。 魔力纠错 她在穿上没有花很多钱。 误:She doesn’t spend a lot of money on dresses. 正:She doesn’t spend much money on dresses. 10. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. (P6) 我认为做大量的听力练习是成为一个好的语言学习者的秘诀之一。 (1)该句是由that引导的宾语从句,当主句用一般现在时态时,从句可以用任意时态;当主句用过去时态时,从句则要用相应的过去时。 I hear that Mr Brown has been to Shanghai. 我听说布朗先生去过上海。 He said these answers were right. 他说这些答案是正确的。 (2)one of意为“(……中的)一个”,其后接名词的复数形式,如有形容词修饰名词时,形容词要用最高级。 Mr Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。 11. How do we deal with our problems? (P8)我们怎样处理我们的问题? 本句中的deal with意为“处理,解决”,相当于do with,其主语通常是人或物。 I have many problems to deal with. 我有许多问题要解决。 ◎ deal with作“与……打交道”,“与……做买卖”解时,主语通常是人、公司、商店等。 My elder brother will deal with you later on. 我哥哥以后会来收拾你的。 特别提示 deal in有时也可以表示“与……做买卖”,但后面跟具体的商品。 This shop deals in computers. 这家商店做电脑买卖。 12. Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents or teachers. (P8)我们中的大部分人可能都生过我们的朋友、父母或老师的气。 本句中的be angry with意为“对某人生气”,后面常跟人作宾语;当表示生气的原因时,可以加上for doing sth。 He was angry with me for not having done anything. 我什么也没有做,他为此很生气。 特别提示 be angry at表示“因某事生气”,后面接表示言行的名词、代词或v-ing形式或从句作宾语。 He was rather angry at missing the bus.他因没有赶上公共汽车而相当生气。 He was angry at what I said. 他对我所说的感到生气。 13. Time goes by, and good friendships may be lost. (P8)时间流逝,良好的友谊可能也就随之逝去了。 (1)go by是不及物动词短语,意为“走过”,“(时间)消逝,流逝”。 Two weeks went by. 两周过去了。 (2)lost是lose的过去分词。lose意为“丢失,失去”时,语气较强,一般指失去不易找回。 The man lost a leg in the war. 那个人在战争中失去了一条腿。 知识拓展 miss意为“丢失,失去”时,指东西或人丢失了,但有找到的希望。 She missed her child in the street. 她在街上把孩子丢了。 ◎miss可以表示“想念”的意思,而lose则不能。 We shall all miss you when you are away. 你不在时我们都会想念你的。 特别提示 作定语或表语时,lose用过去分词形式,miss用现在分词形式。 Who has found my lost pen? 谁找到了我丢失的钢笔? They set out to look for the missing girl at once. 他们立即出发去寻找丢失的女孩。 Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark. 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 1. Over here! Don’t you remember me? (P11)过来!你不记得我了吗? (1)over here相当于come over here,意为“过来”。 (2) remember的反义词是forget,两者用法相同,后面可跟名词,动名词或动词不定式。 ◎remember/forget doing sth表示“记得/忘记做过某事”,强调事情已经做了。 I remember posting your letter. 我记得替你寄过信了。 They forget locking the door. 他们忘记锁过门了。 ◎remember/forget to do sth表示“记得/忘记去做某事”,强调事情还未做。 I remember to post your letter. 我记得替你寄信。 They forget to lock the door. 他们忘了锁门。 2. You’re Paula, aren’t you? (P11)你是波拉,对吗? 这是一个反意疑问句,表示说话人提出某种情况或看法,询问对方是否同意。 知识拓展 反意疑问句主要有以下几种类型: (1)主句为肯定陈述句时,附加疑问句为:系动词/情态动词/助动词的否定(缩写)形式+主语。 The girl went to school late yesterday, didn’t she? 昨天那个女孩上学迟到了,是吗? (2)主句为否定陈述句(包括肯定形式中有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody等否定意义的词)时,附加疑问句为:系动词/情态动词/助动词的肯定形式+主语。 You have never been to Beijing, have you? 你没有去过北京,是吗? (3)主句为祈使句时,附加疑问句为:will或shall+主语。 Open the window, will you? 打开窗户,好吗? Let’s go to school, shall we? 我们上学去吧,好吗? 3. Wow! People sure change. (P11)哇!人确实是会变的。 句中的sure用作副词,意为“确实”,“无疑”。sure一词更常见于以下用法和句型: ◎表示“可以”,“当然”,“没问题”,常用来答应他人的请求,相当于 Yes./OK./Great./Certainly./Of course. —Did you have a good trip?旅途愉快吗? —Sure./Of course.当然。 —Would you like to go with us?愿意和我们一起去吗? —Sure./Certainly.好啊。 ◎be sure about/of意为“确信,对……有把握”,后接名词,代词或v-ing形式,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。 I’m sure of passing the examination.我相信我会通过考试。 He lives in this building but I’m not sure about the room number. 他住在这栋楼里,但是房间号码我不太清楚。 ◎be sure to意为“一定”,“肯定”,后接不定式,往往表示局外人的推测、评论,主语不一定是人。 It’s sure to rain tomorrow.明天一定会下雨。 She is sure to understand much more than before.她一定比以前懂得更多了。 试比较下面两句: The old woman is sure to live to more than ninety. 这位老太太肯定可以活到九十多岁。 The old woman is sure of living to more than ninety. 这位老太太相信自己可以活到九十多岁。 ◎be sure to 用于祈使句时,是“务必”,“切望”的意思。 Be sure to review the text after class.课后务必复习课文。 Be sure to come tomorrow,everyone.大家明天一定要来。 ◎be sure接that从句时,意为“认为……一定会”,主语必须是人,连词that可以省略。be sure后面还可以接由whether, where, when或who等引导的名词性从句,这时主句通常是否定形式。 I’m not sure whether I can come tomorrow.我明天是否能来还说不准。 I’m sure that I can run faster than you.我确信我比你跑得快。 4. I’m terrified of the dark. (P12) 我十分怕黑。 terrified为形容词,意为“受惊吓的,恐惧的”,表示“害怕……, 恐惧……”,固定用法be terrified of相当于be afraid of。 I’m terrified of being at home by myself. 我很害怕独自呆在家。 特别提示 terrified的动词形式为terrify,表示“使害怕”,“使恐惧”。 There are several persons terrifying the little boy. 有几个人正在恐吓那个小男孩。 5. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。 (1)with my bedroom light on为介词短语,在句中用作状语,表示伴随情况。 He walked out of the room with his coat on. 他穿着外套走出了房间。 知识拓展 “with+名词+介词短语”结构也可用作状语,表示伴随情况。 The teacher came in with a book under his arm. 老师腋下夹着一本书走进教室。 The poor woman walked through the street with a baby on her back. 那可怜的妇女背着一个婴儿,穿过了街道。 (2)on在此处是形容词,意为“开着的,接通的”,常见的结构有:be/turn on。 —Is the light on in the room? 屋里的灯开着吗? —No. It’s off. 不,关着呢。 Turn on the radio, please. I’ll listen to the weather report. 请打开收音机,我要听天气预报。 6. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don’t have the time any more. (P14)在上高中之前,我常常花费大量时间和朋友们一起做游戏,但是如今我再也没有这样的时间了。 (1)high school相当于middle school,意为“中学”,常指高中。 (2)本句中的spend意为“花费”,常用来说明某人买某物花了多少钱或某人花了多少时间做某事,主语通常为人,常见的句子结构有两种: ◎sb spends some money/time on sth She spends a lot of money on books. 她花很多钱买书。 ◎sb spends some money/time in doing sth,其中介词in可以省略。 They spent two hours (in) looking for the cat. 他们花了两个小时找那只猫。 特别提示 take, pay与cost也可以表示“花费”: ◎take意为“花费”,常用形式主语it,真正的主语是动词不定式,常见的句子结构有: “It takes (took)+时间/金钱+动词不定式”(表示“做某事花费了多少时间/金钱”)和“It takes+sb+时间/金钱+动词不定式”(“做某事花费了某人多少时间/金钱”)。 It’ll take only ten minutes to walk to the supermarket. 只要十分钟,就可以走到那家超市。 It took Yang Liwei about 21 hours to circle the earth in his spaceship. 乘宇宙飞船环绕地球大约花费了杨利伟21个小时。 ◎pay的基本意思是“支付”,主语是表示人的名词或代词,常与for连用。 How much did you pay for all these books? 这些书你是花多少钱买的? ◎cost也可作“花费”解,其主语是“物”或“事”,常用于sth costs (sb) some money结构。 The dictionary cost me 40 yuan. 这本字典花了我40元钱。 (3)not...any more意为“不再……”,相当于no more,一般用来表示动作或行为的不再发生或重复。 They don’t use animals to do farm work any more. 他们不再使用牲畜做农活了。 7. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. (P14) 现在,我根本没有时间去听音乐会。 (1)本句中的these days意为“现在,目前,如今”,相当于nowadays, at present。 We are not poor any longer these days. 如今我们不再贫穷了。 They still remember that old saying these days. 现在他们仍然记得那句古谚语。 (2)hardly用作副词,意为“几乎不”,相当于almost not,本身含有否定之意,修饰名词时,常和a或any连用。 I’m so tired that I can hardly walk any farther. 我太累了,简直不能再走下去了。 There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有一丝云彩。 魔力纠错 他简直不知道说什么好,是吗? 误:He hardly knows what to say, doesn’t he? 正:He hardly knows what to say, does he? 魔力解析 hardly本身含有否定意义,构成反意疑问句时,后半部分要用肯定形式。类似的词有few, little, never, none, nobody, nothing等。 特别提示 hardly不是hard的副词形式,两者是完全不相关的两个词。 8. Now, I don’t mind them. (P14)现在我不介意它们了。 动词mind的基本含义是“介意,反对”,后面接名词或动名词。 He doesn’t mind closing the window. 他不介意关掉窗户。 知识拓展 Would you mind doing...?句型常用来向别人提出请求,对方如果表示介意,就说“Yes”;如果表示不介意、不反对,应说“No, not at all./No, of course not.”。 — Would you mind telling me how to remember English words? 你介意告诉我如何记英语单词吗? —No, not at all. 不,不介意。 特别提示 mind还可用作名词,表示“思想,主意”。 What do you make up your mind to be when you grow up? 你长大以后立志要做什么? 短语链语 never mind不要紧,不介意;keep in mind记住;make up one’s mind下决心,下决定;set up one’s mind to do sth立志做某事; change one’s mind改变主意。 9. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. (P15)俞梅似乎变化很大。 动词seem是“看起来像”,“似乎”的意思,其常用的句型有: ◎It seems+that 从句 It seems that he would never be able to work out the question. 看来他好像永远无法解决那个问题。 ◎seem+形容词 Your father seems quite happy. 你的父亲看起来很高兴。 ◎seem+动词不定式 Li Fang seems to know everything.李芳好像什么都知道。 特别提示 “It seems+that 从句”通常可以转化成“名词/代词+seems+动词不定式短语”这一简单句型,如果动词不定式短语是“to be+形容词”,to be可以被省略。 It seems that his temperature is all right. =His temperature seems (to be) all right. 他的体温似乎很正常。 It seems that she doesn’t get on well with her classmates. =She doesn’t seem to get on well with her classmates. 她似乎与同学们相处的不好。 短语链语 seem like...意为“似乎,好像”。 It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好多年不见了。 10. However, after his father’s death a few years ago, Martin’s life became much more difficult. (P16)然而,几年以前,在他父亲死后,马丁的生活变得更困难了。 本句中的dead意为“死的”,是形容词,表示“死的,无生命的”,常与be动词连用,指死的状态。 He is dead, but his name will live in our hearts forever. 他虽然死了,但他的名字将永远留在我们心中。 Her grandfather has been dead for more than two years. 她的爷爷去世两年多了。 特别提示 die, dying, death也可以表示“死”。 ◎die意为“死亡,断气”,是终止性动词,指生命的结束,强调动作。 His mother died two years ago. 他的母亲两年前去世了。 ◎dying是die 的现在分词,通常作形容词使用,是“要死的”,“垂危的”,“濒临死亡的”的意思。 This dog is dying. 这条狗快要死了。 ◎death是die的名词,意为“死亡”。 It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog’s death. 当我想起我小狗的死亡时,我很难过。 11. ...but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. (P16)……但是,令他惊奇的是,这次通话改变了他的人生。 本句中的to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊奇的是”,常常置于句首。其中to是“致使”的意思,后面接表示情感的名词,指一个事件使某人心中产生了某种情感。 To my surprise, he failed in the examination. 使我奇怪的是,他考试不及格。 To everyone’s surprise, Mr King refused. 使每个人感到惊奇的是,金先生拒绝了。 类似短语 to one’s joy/horror/satisfaction“使人高兴/惊恐/满意的是”。 特别提示 in surprise意为“惊奇地”。 The two men looked at each other in surprise. 那两个人惊奇地互相看着。 “How did you come to know it?” I asked in surprise. “你是怎么知道这件事的?”我吃惊地问。 12. She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, and would always take pride in everything good I do. (P16)她也告诉我,尽管我父亲不再和我们在一起了,他还是在观注着我们,并对我所做的一切好的事情感到骄傲。 (1)even though意为“即使,纵然,尽管”,用来引导让步状语从句,可以与even if替换。 He won’t tell me about it even though (even if) he knows the news. 即使他知道这个消息,他也不会告诉我。 Even though (Even if) you aren’t lifting anything, your muscle gets tired. 即使没有举着什么东西,你的肌肉也会感到疲劳。 (2)本句中的no longer可以与not...any longer替换,主要用来表示时间或距离的“不再”,意在对现在的情况和过去的情况加以比较,故多用于现在时。 You are no longer a child. (=You aren’t a child any longer.) 你已不再是个孩子了。 特别提示 ◎no longer一般修饰延续性动词,表示某个动作或状态不再延续下去。 He no longer lives here. (=He doesn’t live here any longer.) 他不再住在这里了。 ◎no more相当于not...any more,主要用来表示数量和程度,常常修饰短暂性动词,表示某动作不再重复发生。 The baby no more cried. (=The baby didn’t cry any more.) 这个小孩不再哭了。 He is no more a student. (=He isn’t a student any more.) 他不再是个学生了。 (3)take pride in意为“对……感到自豪”,往往强调一时的行为,动作性较强。其中in是介词,后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。 The young man took pride in his work. 这年轻人以他的工作而自豪。 特别提示 该短语中的pride是抽象名词,意为“骄傲,自豪”。 13. and didn’t give up trying to help him (P17)没有放弃努力帮他 本句中的give up意为“放弃,停止”,相当于stop doing sth,其后可接名词或动词的-ing形式。 Don’t give up halfway. 不要半途而废。 You mustn’t give up studying foreign languages for even a day. 你一定不能放弃学习外语,哪怕是一天也不行。 ◎give up还可以表示“认输,投降”。 I give up. Tell me the answer. 我认输了。告诉我答案吧。 魔力纠错 吸烟对你的健康有害,所以你必须戒烟。 误:Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give up it. 正:Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give it up. Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。 (1)当主句的主语是第一人称I或we,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时,其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句;若要否定,须将not提到主句。在翻译时,按汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如:“我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为I don’t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won’t give you a call。 特别提示 若把此类句式变成反意疑问句,其助动词及主语要根据从句确定,而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定。 We think you can help him, can’t you? 我们认为你能帮助他,不是吗? I don’t think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生,对吗? (2)本句中的twelve-year-olds相当于twelve-year-old teenagers,意为“12岁的孩子/年轻人”。 知识拓展 数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来,可以构成一个合成形容词。常见的还有: two-month holiday 两个月的假期 a sixty-pound stone 一块60磅的石头 (3)get their ears pierced属于“get+名词/代词+动词的过去分词”结构,表示“使……被做”,“请人做……”。 Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧。 Why haven’t you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢? 2. I disagree. (P19)我不同意。 I agree. (P19)我同意。 (1)agree意为“赞成,同意”,用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等;可以单独使用,也可以接由with, to, on等引导的介词短语或接从句。 —Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园,好吗? —I agree. 我同意。 I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。 Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗? 知识拓展 agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”,但用法不同。 ◎agree with表示“同意”,后面接表示人的名词或代词,也可以接表示“意见,看法”的名词。 We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。 Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗? ◎agree to表示“同意”,后面接表示“计划,建议,安排”等的名词,接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。 He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。 They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来。 ◎agree on表示“(两人以上)就……取得一致意见,在……方面意见一致”,其主语多为复数形式,宾语是表示事、计划等的名词,而不是表示人的名词或代词,它可以与agree in doing sth替换。 They agreed on the plan. =They agreed in doing the plan. 他们对这个计划意见一致。 特别提示 agree with也可以表示“某人适应(食物、气候等)”。 The weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。 (2)disagree是agree的反义词,相当于not agree。 3. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他们会说话而不做作业。 本句中的instead of是复合介词,意思是“代替”,后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。 I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。 We went to swim instead of playing basketball. 我们没有去打篮球,而是去游泳了。 特别提示 副词instead和instead of意思相同,但用法却不同。instead意为“代替,顶替”,常位于句首或句末,可不译。 I didn’t go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping. 我没有去看电影,我去购物了。 The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead. 这里的水不好,所以我改喝咖啡。 4. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm. (P20) 找出被允许熬夜到11点的人。 (1)who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm是一个定语从句,用来修饰前面的someone。 The man who is smoking is my father. 正在抽烟的那个人是我的父亲。 The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada. 访问我们班的那个外国人来自加拿大。 (2)stay up在这里是“熬夜”,“不睡觉”的意思,相当于not go to bed。 He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。 She promised the children they could stay up for homework. 她承诺孩子们可以熬夜做作业。 5. Do you ever worry that you’ll fail a test? (P21)你曾经担心过考试不及格吗? fail表示考试“不及格”或“不通过”,相当于not pass。 I think I may fail in the English exam this time.我想这次英语考试我可能不及格。 6. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. (P21)父母对青少年不应该要求太严格。 形容词strict是“严格的”,“严厉的”的意思,对人严格时用介词with,对工作等严格时用介词in。 The teacher was very strict with his students. 这位老师对学生非常严厉。 He is always strict in his work. 他总是对工作要求很严格。 7. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. (P22)那天,我和我的朋友们谈论我们学校的各种规章制度。 (1)the other day表示“几天以前,不久前的一天”。 I saw him in the street the other day. 不久前的一天,我在街上看到了他。 Li Ming and I went shopping the other day. 几天以前我和李明去购物了。 (3)本句中的get to意为“开始,着手”,后面接动词的-ing形式,表示“着手或开始做某事”。 We get to working after a short rest. 我们歇息了一会儿后就开始干起活来。 He got to wondering why he was in the job. 他对自己为什么会从事这份工作感到诧异。 8. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes. (P22)我们想年轻人应该看起来漂亮潇洒,因此我们想穿自己的衣服。 (1)形容词smart意为“聪明的,机敏的,精明的”,相当于clever。 The dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聪明的动物。 He looks very smart in his suit. 他穿上他的西装看起来很帅气。 (2)would like意为“想要”,相当于want,后面接名词或动词不定式。 I would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯咖啡。 I didn’t want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home. 我不想去看电影,我想呆在家里。 ◎ would like sb to do sth表示“想要某人做某事”。 I’d like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮助我做家庭作业。 特别提示 feel like也可以译为“想要”,有时可以与would like替换;其后接名词或动词的-ing形式。 She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿。 I feel like seeing a film tonight. 我今晚想去看电影。 9. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. (P22)我们老师相信,如果我们那样做了,我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上,而不是学习上。 (1)believe是及物动词,意为“相信”,其后可跟名词或从句。 I don’t believe his story. 我不相信他的故事。 I believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告诉我们的是真的。 ◎believe in表示“信任”(即trust)。 She doesn’t believe in God. 她不信奉上帝。 (2)在that if...的句中,that放在believe后面用来引导一个宾语从句,而if则在宾语从句中引导一个条件状语从句,we would...则是宾语从句中的主句。 We are sure that if they come on time, they won’t be in the rain. 我们都确信,如果他们准时到的话,就不会被雨淋了。 (3)动词concentrate常常构成concentrate(...)on sth,表示“专心致志(于某件事),精神集中,全神贯注(做某事)”。 I can’t concentrate on my work when I’m hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。 We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。 10. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. (P22)我知道我们有时很吵,但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。 (1)本句中的learn...from意为“向……学习”。 We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语。 He never learns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训。 ◎learn to do sth“学习,学会做某事”。 I’m learning to keep rabbits. 我正学着养兔子。 How did Bill Gates learn to work out a software programme? 比尔·盖茨是怎样学会设计软件程序的? 短语链语 learn of“听到”,“获悉”。 He learned of the accident just now. 他刚才听到事故的消息。 (2)each other意为“互相”,通常指两者之间,在句中用作宾语、定语等;而one another意为“互相”,用来指两个以上的人或事物的相互关系。 You and I understand each other perfectly. 你我彼此很了解。 The two girls often help each other in their lessons. 这两个女孩经常在功课上互相帮助。 特别提示 在现代英语中,each other和one another在用法上没有什么区别,一般认为each other多用于非正式文体;而one another多用于较正式文体。 11. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. (P22)去年夏天,我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者。 (1)本句中的volunteer是动词,表示“自愿做某事,当志愿者”等意思。 Thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out. 战争爆发时,成千上万的人当了志愿兵。 We volunteered to raise the money. 我们志愿募捐。 特别提示 volunteer作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人,志愿者”。 This work costs us nothing. It’s all done by volunteers. 这项工作我们没有花一点钱,全是由志愿人员完成的。 (2)local是形容词,意为“本地的,地方的”,在句中用作定语。 Following the national news we have the local news and weather. 国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报。 She’s a local girl. 她是本地姑娘。 特别提示 local用作名词时,通常用复数形式,意思是“本地人,当地人”。 The locals like to visit friends on weekends. 当地人喜欢周末访友。 12. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. (P23)我想回答你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题。 (1)本句中的reply意为“回答,应答”,一般只用作不及物动词,后面与to 连用,表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”。 He didn’t reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信。 How can you reply to my questions? 你如何回答我的问题呢? 特别提示 reply严格地说是经过深思熟虑后,一一答复对方的问题或观点,故当以answer表示像answer the telephone这样一般性的应答时,不能用reply代替。 (2)in your last newsletter是介词短语,在句中用作定语,修饰article。 13. “I know my parents care about me,” he says. (P24)“我知道父母关心我,”他说。 本句中的care about为及物动词短语,意为“关心,在乎,介意”,其后接名词或代词,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。 The girl never cares about others. 那个女孩从不关心别人。 She didn’t care about anything people might say. 人们说什么她都不在乎。查看更多