人教版英语八年级下册U8

人教版英语八年级下册U8

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 一 . 用法 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。 Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. I’ ve just had it. 2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到 现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时 They have lived here since 1996. 二 . 现在完成时的构成及句式转换 现在完成时由“ 助动词 have / has + 动词的过去分词 ”构成。 1. 肯定句 : 主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他 2. 否定句 : 主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 3. 一疑句 : have / has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他 haven’t hasn’t 动词 过去分词 的变化和 过去式 的变化 类似，分 规则 变化和 不规则 变化两种。 三 . 动词过去分词的变化规则 1. 不规则变化 （课本 137 、 138 页） begin- began - begun let- let - let know- knew - known eat- ate - eaten stand- stood - stood come- came - come 2. 规则变化 1). 一般在动词词尾直接加 ed 。 pick → picked → picked wish → wished → wished stay → stayed → stayed 2). 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词后面加 d 。 like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned 3). 以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词， 变 y 为 i ，再加 -ed 。 study → studied → studied hurry → hurried → hurried reply → replied → replied 4). 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 动词，要双写辅音字母，再加 -ed 。 stop → stopped → stopped clap → clapped → clapped 四 . 现在完成时的标志词 1. 常与 just , already , yet , ever , never , before , so far 等连用 , 强调动作的完成， 不强调动作的持续。 Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework. He has already taught me some English. 四 . 现在完成时的标志词 2. for + 时间段 , since + 时间点 , since + 时间段 ago , since + 一般过去时的句子 。 They have stayed there since 1997 . I have learned English for six years . He has lived here since he was a child . She has worked here since two years ago . 1.______ two years since 和 for 填空 2.______two years ago 3.______last month 4.______ 1999 5.______ yesterday 6.______ 5 o ’ clock 7.______ 4 hours 8.______ 2 minutes ago 9.______ we were children 10.______ she left here 五 . already 和 yet 用法 ◆ already “ 已经 ”, 一般用于 肯定句中 , 放 have/has 后 ， 过去分词 前 或 句尾 。 I have already read the book. Some visitors have come already . ◆ already 用于 疑问句 中时通常 表示惊奇 。 Have you finished your homework already ? I can’t believe it. ◆ yet 用于 疑问句 中意为 “ 已经 ”，用来询问 说话人期望发生的 事情是否已经发生 ； 用于 否定句 中，意为“ 还 ”，表示说话人 期望发生的 事情尚未发生 。 yet 通常放在 句尾 。 Have you seen her yet ? I haven’t found my pen yet . ◆ already 与 yet 的转换 含 already 的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句 时 , 要把 already 变 为 yet, 并放于 句尾 。 I have already read the book. I haven’t read the book yet . Have you read the book yet ? He has already gone home. 2. I have read this book before. 3. They have cooked dinner already. 4. I have just finished my homework. 5. Mary has closed the window already. 1. Have you ever ______(take) a train? 2. I _______(have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now. 3. We ______(be) good friends since we met at school. 4. We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps he______ (go) home. 5. He ________(read) the book before. 6. Mr. Green _________(teach) us a lot about social studies since September. taken have had have been has gone has read has taught Look at the pictures. Have you read these books? Alice in Wonderland Little Women Look at the pictures. Have you read these books? Treasure Island Tom Sawyer Look at the pictures. Have you read these books? Oliver Twist Robinson Crusoe Have you heard of these books? Check ( √ ) the ones you know. 1a ___ Alice in Wonderland ___ Little Women ___ Treasure Island ___ Olive Twist ___ Robinson Crusoe ___ Tom Sawyer Book Title Name Have they read it? What do they think of it? Nick Judy Sandy Alan Kate Harry No Yes Yes No Yes No It’s exciting. It’s wonderful. It’s fantastic. Listen and complete the chart. Treasure Island Robinson Crusoe Little women 1b A: Have you read Little Women yet ? B: No, I haven’t . Have you? A: Yes, I have already read it. B: What’s it like? A: It’s fantastic. Practice the conversation. Then talk about the other books in 1a. 1c 1. Treasure Island Mark / Tina 2. Olive Twist Mark / Tina 3. Robinson Crusoe Mark / Tina 4. Tom Sawyer Mark / Tina Listen. Who has read these books? Circle the names. 2a Listen again and write T for true and F for false. 1. Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasures. 2. Robinson Crusoe is a classic . 3. Tina thinks that Treasure Island is a fantastic book. 4. Tom Sawyer is about a boy who lives in the United Kingdom. 2b F F T T be full of sth 装满了 … The bottle is full of water. A: Has Tina read Treasure Island ? B: Yes, she has . She thinks it’s fantastic. A: What’s it about? B: It’s about… Use the information in 2a and 2b to talk about the books. 2c Role-play conversation. 2d A: Steve, have you decided yet which book to write about for English class? S: Yes, Little Women . I’ ve already finished read ing it! A: Wow, you’re fast! What’s it about ？ S: It’s about four sisters growing up . It was really good, so I couldn’t put it down . Which book did you choose? A: I chose Treasure Island , but I haven’t finished read ing it yet . I’m only on page 25. S: Have you at least read the back of the book to see what it’s about? A: Yes, I have . It looks interesting. S: You should hurry up . The book report is due in two weeks . A: Yes, I know. I’ll read quickly. 1. (be) due to do 预计做 … The guests are due to arrive very soon. 2. due to + 代词 / 名词 , “ 因为 , 由于 ” He didn’t come here due to his illness. 1. in a hurry 介词短语， 匆匆忙忙地 She always has breakfast in a hurry. 2. no hurry , “ 不忙，不必着急 ” There is no hurry, so do it slowly.   《 鲁滨逊漂流记 》 由 英国 作家 丹尼尔 · 笛福 所著。它是一部家喻户晓的现实主义回忆录式冒险小说。作者受一个苏格兰水手海上遇险的经历启发写成的。 小说分三部分：第一部分写鲁滨逊初出茅庐，最初三次航海的经过及其在巴西经营种植园的情况；第二部分详细描述了主人公流落荒岛，独居 28 年的种种情景；第三部分简要交代了鲁滨逊回国后的命运及这个海岛未来的发展趋向。 Read the passage base d on Robinson Crusoe . Then answer the questions. 1. What does Robinson Crusoe wait for? 2. Why does Robinson Crusoe call the man Friday? 3a When I first arrived on this island, I had nothing. But I’ ve found the ship and made a small boat. I’ ve brought back many things I can use — food and drink, tool s, knives and gun s. Although I have lost everything, I have not lost my life. So I will not give up and I will wait for another ship. I have already cut down trees and built a house. I go out with my gun almost every day to kill animals and birds for food. I’m even learning to grow fruit and vegetables. A few weeks ago, I found the mark s of another man’s feet on the sand . Who else is on my island? How long have they been here? Not long after that , I saw some cannibal s trying to kill two men from a broken ship. One of them died but the other ran towards my house. I helped him kill the cannibals. This man now lives with me and helps me. I named him Friday because that was the day I met him. He is smart and I have already taught him some English. 1. What does Robinson Crusoe wait for? 2. Why does Robinson Crusoe call the man Friday? He waits for another ship. Because he meets him on a Friday. Read the passage again. Find words that have these meanings. 1. You can use these to shoot things: _____ 2. Something you use to travel in the sea: _____ 3. A piece of land in the middle of the sea: ______ 4. You can use these to cut things: ______ 5. Signs left behind by someone or something: ______ guns ship island knives marks 3b Correct the sentences. 1. Robinson Crusoe arrived on the island with enough food and drink. 2. Friday made a small boat. 3. Robinson had some food and tools when he first arrived on the island. nothing . Robinson made a small boat. Robinson had nothing when he first arrived on the island. 3c 4. Robinson used the ship to build a house. 5. Friday saw some marks of another man’s feet on the beach. 6. Robinson tried to kill the two men. cut down trees to build a house. Robinson saw some marks of another man’s feet on the beach. Some cannibals tried to kill the two men. Grammar Focus Have you read Little Women yet ? Yes, I have . /No, I haven’t . Has Tina read Treasure Island yet ？ Yes, she has . She thinks it’s fantastic. Have you decided which book to write about yet ? Yes, I have . I have already finished reading it. It was really good. 1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _____________________. ( just / drink some tea ) 2. A: I heard you lost your key. ____________________? ( find ) B: No, not yet. Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations. I’ve just drunk some tea Have you found it yet 4a 3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B: ______________________. ( already / leave ) A: When _______________? ( leave ) B: This morning. 4. A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight? B: No. __________________________. ( already / see the film ) He has already left did he leave She has already seen the film 5. A: What do your parents think about our plan? B: I _________________________. ( not / tell them /yet ) haven’t told them yet Sally ________ (love) reading. In the morning, she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She _______ already _______ (read) more than 100 different books. Her favorite kind of books is science fiction . She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine what the world loves has read 4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the brackets. _________ ( be ) like in 50 years. She ________ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _________ (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she ___________ (not read) yet and she can’t wait to read them. finished will write hasn’t read will be Complete the chart with information about you and your friend. A: What books have you already read? B: I have already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter . A: What do you think of them? B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring. 4c You Your friend Comments Books I have already read Movies I have already seen Songs I have already heard Complete the chart with information about you and your friend. 4c Who is your favorite singer or musician? Why do you like him or her? 1a classical 通常是指古典音乐，古典音乐是起源于二战以前欧洲所流行的音乐，流行于德国，法国，包括小夜曲，交响乐，钢琴曲，协奏曲，小提琴曲，四重奏等。 Classical music pop music 是指流行音乐。二战过后大部分的音乐是流行歌曲，包括爵士乐，嘻哈音乐，摇滚乐，蓝调音乐，自然派音乐，绕舌音乐，轻音乐，民谣等。 Pop music JAZZ ROCK rock band ROCK rock band COUNTRY MUSIC 乡村音乐，一种具有美国 民族特色的流行音乐，于 20 世纪 20 年代兴起于美国 南部。乡村音乐的特点是 曲调简单，节奏平稳，带 有叙事性，具有较浓的乡 土气息。美国歌坛天后 Taylor Swift 是现代乡村音乐的代表人物。她曾获得 7 座格莱美奖，乡村音乐巅峰奖（乡村音乐史上只有 Taylor Swift 与 Garth Brooks 获得此奖） 加斯 · 布鲁克斯 (1962.2.7—) 是二十世纪九十年代以来最重要的乡村歌手， RIAA 认证为美国最畅销的艺人之一，仅次于披头士和猫王，位列第三位。截止 2013 年底共发行 19 张专辑，其中 9 张为冠军专辑， 6 张获钻石唱片认证（ RIAA ），全美唱片销量近 7000 万张，全球销量达过 2 亿张， 2012 年选入乡村音乐名人堂。 Garth Brooks ___ The Toms must be popular. ___ The Toms play pop music. ___ The Toms’ music sounds more like rock . ___ Listening to The Toms is a good way to wake up. D D D A Listen to a conversation between Alex and Dave. Write A for Alex or D for Dave next to each opinion. 1b Band name Country Number of people in the band The Toms The United States Five Listen again and take notes. 1c kind of music Why Alex and Dave like to listen to this band Alex: Dave: Pop, but sounds more like rock The music is loud and full of energy. He feels excited when he listens to their music. He thinks that listening to their music every morning will wake him up and make him happy for the rest of the day. Ask your friends and parents what kind of music they listen to and why. How does the music make them feel? 1d What kind of music? Why do they listen to it? How does it make them feel? Friend 1 Friend 2 Parents 1. Do you have a favorite singer or band? 2. Do you have a favorite song? 3. What facts do you know about your favorite singer, band or song? Discuss the questions with a partner. Discussion 2a While reading, make notes or underline the main ideas in the text. After reading, write a short summary in your own words. This can help you better understand the text. Summarizing 2b Read the passage and complete the fact sheet on page 63. Read the passage again and underline the main ideas. Then use the underlined text to write short answers to the questions below. First paragraph Who is Sarah? Where is she from? What does she like? She is an American girl who used to fight over almost everything with her family. She is from the US. She likes country music. 2c Second paragraph What is country music? It is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America. What is country music about? It’s about belonging to a group and reminds us of a time when people were kind to each other and trusted one another. Third paragraph What is Sarah’s dream? Her dream is to go Nashville one day. Who is Garth Brooks? Garth is a famous country singer who has sold more than 120 million records. A Country Music Song Changed Her Life Forever When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family. But five years ago, while she was studying abroad in England, she heard a song full of feelings about return ing home on the radio . It made Sarah think about her family and friends back in the US. She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country music. Country is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America. Nashville, Tennessee is the home of country music. Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success , but not about belong ing to a group. However, country music brings us back to the “good old days” when people were kind to each other and trusted one another . It reminds us that the best things in life are free — laughter , friends, family, and the beauty of nature and the countryside. Sarah hasn’t been to Nashville yet , but it is her dream to go there one day. She has already read a lot about the place and done some research on it. She knows that there is a Country Music Hall of Fame Museum in Nashville. There are also always a lot of great country music concerts with famous musicians and singers, like Garth Brooks. Sarah has already listened to most of his songs. “Garth is one of the most successful musicians in American history. He ’s sold more than 120 million record s. I hope to see him sing live one day.” Country Music Fact Sheet Where it is from: _________________________ What kind of music it is: _________________________ southern states of America a traditional kind of music A famous country music place in Nashville: ______________________________________ A famous country music singer: ____________ The number of records he has sold: _________________________ Country Music Hall of Fame Museum Garth Brooks more than 120 million Read the passage again and underline the main ideas. Then use the underlined text to write short answers to the questions below. First paragraph Who is Sarah? Where is she from? What does she like? She is an American girl who used to fight over almost everything with her family. She is from the US. She likes country music. 2c Second paragraph What is country music? It is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America. What is country music about? It’s about belonging to a group and reminds us of a time when people were kind to each other and trusted one another. Third paragraph What is Sarah’s dream? Her dream is to go Nashville one day. Who is Garth Brooks? Garth is a famous country singer who has sold more than 120 million records. Writing Use the notes you made in 2c to write a short summary of the passage. Write no more than 100 words. 2d Sarah is an American girl. She likes country music. She is a fan of country music. Country music is a traditional music from the southern states of America. Many songs are about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success. Sarah’s dream is to go to Nashville because Garth Brooks is there. She likes to listen to his songs. Garth is one of the most successful musicians in American history. 认真回想 Close your book. What facts can you remember about country music? Tell a partner. What other facts would you like to know about country music? Make a list of questions. 2e 1. Who is the singer/writer? 2. When did the singer/writer first become famous? 3. How and why did he/she first become famous? 4. What famous songs/books has he/she record ed/written? When? 3a Think of a singer or writer you know well. Make a list of facts of him / her. Think of the following: 5. How many CDs/books has he/she sold? 6. How did you find out about him/her? 7. Is he/she still popular today? 8. Have you introduce d this singer/writer to others? 9. How do you feel about his/her music/ books? 10. Have you ever played/sung his/her songs yourself? Write an article about the singer or writer. Here are some words and phrases you can use. 3b the first line in the song/book the book/song was written/recorded by enjoyed success in successful song/CD/book I listen to this song / read this book when … The song/book makes me feel … 1. What do you think _____ this dress? Do you think it looks good on me? 2. The little boy was so hungry that he didn’t put his spoon _______ at all. He just kept on eating. down of about back up of down Self check 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct words in the box. 3. She grew _______ in a small town, although she lives in a big city now. 4. For homework, our teacher told us to write _______ our summer vacation. 5. At the end of the day, the bus brought us ________ to our school. about back up down of about back up 1. I _______ ( join ) the book club last month and I ____________ ( read ) five books already. 2. I only _______ ( start ) taking French classes last week and I ____________ ( learn ) 50 French words already. joined have read started have learned 2. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets. 3. Tony ________ ( buy) a pop music CD yesterday but he ________________ ( listen ) to it yet. 4. They _____________ ( listen ) to many songs by The Beatles , but they cannot _____ ( sing ) any of them. 5. She _____ ( see ) the newspaper on the table this morning, but she __________ ( have ) anytime to read it yet. have listened sing saw hasn’t had bought hasn’t listened 3. Make a list of the things you have done and the ones you haven’t done yet this week. Then ask two other students. you (student’s name) (student’s name) Things I have done science homework, Things I haven’t done