初二英语下册知识点归纳(新人教版)

初二英语下册知识点归纳(新人教版)

新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结 Unti1 what’s the matter? 短语归纳 1.too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下 3.get an X-ray 做个 X 光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温 5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧 7.take breaks /take a break 休息 8.without thinking twice 没多想 9.get off 下车 10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院 11.wait for 等待 12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的 thanks to 多亏于；由于 14.in time 及时 15.think about 考虑 16.have a heart problem 患有心脏病 17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦 18.do the right thing 做正确的事情事情 19.fall down 摔倒 20.put ...... on sth 把...放在某物上 21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤 22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣 23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战 25.lose one’s life 失去生命 26.because of 因为 27.run out of 用完 28.cut off 切除 29.get out of 从...出来 30.make a decision/decisions 做决定 31.be in control of 掌管；管理 32.give up 放弃 用法归纳 1.need to do sth .需要去做某事 2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 3.ask sb sth 询问某人某事 4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 5.agree to do sth 想要做某事 6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 7.want to do sth 想要做某事 8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 9.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 10.use sth to do sth 用某物去做某事 11.be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 12.seem to do sth 好像做某事 13.keep on doing sth 继续做某事 14.mind doing sth 介意做某事 语法点 1.询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦的表达方法 2.情态动词 should 的用法 情态动词 should 的用法 表示劝告与建议，也表义务与责任 第一人称问句中，征询建议要记清 3.不定代词的用法 相关阅读方法 推理判断阅读法 精细解读 1. What’s the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？ What’s the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.? 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a fever have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼 3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛 4. much too+ 词，意为 ，too much+ 词，意 为 。 5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough 放在名前后，形副后。 good enough 足够好，enough money=money money 6. lie down 躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式 lay；lie 说谎，过去式 lied 7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be，是情态动词+be 的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. 8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，实义动词 need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车 11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事 ，同意某人的看法、观 点 。 12. trouble 问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble ，make trouble ， have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 。 13. right away=right now=at once，意为 。 14.【复习】 advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见 ， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. doing sth . 15. 【复习】exercise 动词意为 ，可数时意为 ，不可数 时意为 。 16. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly. 17. clean 【动词】 ，clean the classroom ，【形容 词】 ，cleaner 意为 。18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。 19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit. 20. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的 free time；免费的 the drink is for free；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由 He could not free his arm. 21. run out 用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。 人 sb. run out of 物 sth..人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj. 24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision make a decision to do sth.= 。 25. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法控制，无法管理 be under control 被控制住，在控制之中 26. 【复习】mind 意为 ，mind doing sth. , Would you mind my opening the window? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词 ing 形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily. 二、重要短语 1. have a cold 2. have a stomachache 3. see sb. do sth. 4. shout for help 5. expect (sb.) to do sth. 6. to one’s surprise 7. thanks to … 8. think about… 9. be interested in sth. 10. lose one’s life 11. save one’s life 12. take a risk=take risks 13. cut off 14. keep on doing sth 三、重点语法 【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性 别、数上保持一致。 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】 1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isn’t quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。 如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。 如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）. hurt oneself 摔伤自己 say to oneself 自言自语 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西 introduce oneself 介绍……自己 【提醒】 1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成 作业。 （误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人 自己的（东西）”时，须要用 one’s own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons. 【练习】 1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _________ just now. 2. Bad luck! I cut _________ with a knife yesterday. 3. They tell us they can look after_________ very well. 4. My cat can find food by_________ . 5. Help __________to some beef, boys. 6. Jenny enjoyed_________ in the park yesterday afternoon. 7. We can finish our homework by_________ . 8. The blind girl lost_________ in the beautiful music. 9. Xiao Hui, can you introduce _________ to us ? 10. Bill wants to teach_________ French from now on. Unit 2 I’ll help to clean the city parks 短语归纳 1.clean up 打扫干净 2.cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来 3.give out 分发 4. used to 曾经......；过去........ 5.give away 赠送；捐赠 6.set up 建立；设立 7.make a difference 8.come up with 想出 9.put off 推迟 10.put up 张贴 11.call up 打电话给 12.help out 帮助.....摆脱困难 13.care for 照顾；照看 14.give up 放弃 15.try out for 参加选拔 16.come true 实现 17.run out of 用光 18.take after 与.....相像 19.fix up 修理 20.be similiar to 与......相似 用法归纳 1.need to do sth 需要做某事 2.make plan to do sth 制定计划做某事 3.ask sb (not ) to do sth 要求某人（不要）做某事 4.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 5.give up +时间+to do sth 放弃时间做某事 6.get a feeling of.....有......感觉 7.decide to do sth 决定做某事 8.help sb (to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 9.make a difference to 对......产生影响 10.make it possible for sb to do sth 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的 单元课文出现的好句子 1. We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up. 我们要相处一个计划来告诉人们关于这个城市公园清洁日的事。 2.We can’t put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制定计划了 3.We could put up signs. 我们可以张贴标志牌。 拓展链接 动词+副词 短语 cheer up 使高兴起来 clean up 打扫干净 put up 张贴 mix up 修理 give away 赠送 give out 分发 give up 放弃 use up 用光 get up 起床 hand in 上交 put off 推迟 pick up 捡起 think over 仔细思考 turn down 关小音量 set up 建立 set off 出发 look out 小心 动词+介词 短语 look after 照顾 belong to 属于 take after 与....相像 hear from 收到.....来信 hear of 听说 pay for 支付 wait for 等待 动词+副词+介词 短语 get out of 避免 come up with 想出 catch up with 追上赶上 look forward to 期待盼望 go on with 继续 动词+名词 短语 have a rest 休息一下 take a walk 散步 make mistakes 犯错 have a try 试一下 take place 发生 tell a lie 撒谎 make a decision 做决定 动词+名词+介词 短语 have a look at 看一看 make a friend with 与.....交朋友 have a word with 与....交谈 have a drink of 喝一点 pay attention to 注意 make fun of 取笑 Be+形容词+介词 短语 be late for 迟到 be angry with 生气 be fond of 喜欢 be good at 擅长 be good for 对...有好处 be short of 缺乏 be similiar to 与......相似 be strict with 对......严格要求 be pound of 骄傲 自豪 语法点 动词不定式归纳 只跟动词不定式做宾语的动词 决心学会有希望（ decide,learn,wish,hope） 同意计划莫假装（agree,plan,pretend） 忘记拒绝会失望（forget,refuse,fail） 准备设法来帮忙（prepare,try,manage,help） 提供请求负担起（offer,beg,afford） 记得阻止理应当（remember stop,be supposed） 相关阅读方法 词义猜测阅读法 习题链接 1.-Tom failed the exam again -Sorry to hear that. We should do something to . A. cheer him up B.cheer on him C.cheer him on D.cheer uo him 2.The boys volunteer three hours up the park near their school. A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. with cleaning 3.The woman in red a teacher.She works in a hospital now. A. used to be B. is used to be C.was used to be D.is 4.The old man lives ,but he doesn’t feel . A. alone;alone B. lonely;lonely C.lonely;alone D. alone;lonely 5.Tina, I have something important you. A.telling B.tells C.tell D.to tell 6.--The old man all his money to a charity. A.took away B.put away C.went away D.gave away 7.We all feel after hear of the news. A.excited;exciting B.exciting;exciting C.excited;exciting D.exciting;excited Unit3 Could you please clean your room? 短语归纳 1.do the dishes 洗餐具 2.take out the trash 倒垃圾 3.go out 外出 4.stay out 呆在外面；不在家 5.help out 帮助做完某事 6.at least 至少 7.throw down 扔下 8.all the time 一直；反复 9.in surprise 惊讶地 10.as soon as 一......就...... 11.spend......on......在......花费（时间、金钱、精力） 12. in order to 为了 13.provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物 14.depend on 依赖；信赖 15.look after 照顾；照看 16.keep it clean and tidy 保持干净整洁 17.get into 进入 18.take care of 照顾 19.as a result 结果 用法归纳 1.finish doing sth 做完某事 2.want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 3.try (not) to do sth 尽力（不）做某事 4.let sb do sth 让某人做某事 5.spend......(in) doing sth 花费......做某事 6.mind doing sth 介意做某事 7.learn to do sth 学习做某事 8.learn how to do sth 学习怎样做某事 9.The +比较级，the+比较级 越......，就越..... 语法点 情态动词 could 的用法 表示请求与准许，could 委婉有礼貌； 表示能力会不会，could 只把过去表 表示怀疑不相信，could 缓和情绪弱 推测可能用 could, 虚拟语气也常用 相关阅读方法 细节阅读法 Unit 4 why don’t you talk to your parents? 短语归纳 1.too much 太多（修饰不可数名词） 2.hang out 闲逛 3.too many 太多（修饰可数名词复数） 4.get into a fight 争吵 5.call sb up 给某人打电话 6.talk about 谈论 7.look through 浏览 8.give back 归还 9.be angry with sb 生某人的气 10.a big deal 重要的事情 11.work out 解决；算出 12.get on with sb 与某人和睦相处 13.communicate with sb 与某人交流 14.be worried about 担心..... 15.be afraid of 害怕..... 16.in front of 在...前面 17.not... any more 不再... 18.so much/many 那么多 19.compete with sb 与某人竞争 20.cut out 删除；删去 21.all kinds of 各种各样 22.compare....with.....比较；对比 23.in one’s opinion 依...看 24.turn down 调小 用法归纳 1.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 2.why don’t you do sth?为什么不做某事呢？ 3.why not do sth ?为什么不做某事呢？ 4.find sb doing sth 发现某人在做某事 5.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 6.refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 7.let sb do sth 让某人做某事 8.offer to do sth 主动提供做某事 9.not....until....直到....才... 10.it’s time to do sth 该做某事了 11.it +adj+to do sth 做某事是.....的 12.keep on doing sth 继续做某事 13.what do you think of...?你认为....怎么样？ 语法点 1.Why don’t you+V.......?等提出建议的句型及常用的答语 2.连词 until,so that 以及 although 引导的状语从句 相关阅读方法 主谓一致法-完形填空 Unit5 what were you doing when the rainstorm came? 短语归纳 1.wait for 等待 2.look for 寻找 3.go off (闹铃）发出声音 4.take a shower 洗澡 5.pick up 接电话；捡起 6.make sure 确信；务必 7.have fun 玩的开心 8.fall asleep 入睡；睡觉 9.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 10.wake up 醒来；叫醒 11.in a mess 乱七八糟 12.in time of difficulty 在困难时期 13.take photos 照相 14.turn on 打开 15.make one’s way 行走；前行 16.in silence 沉默地；无声地 17.take down 摧毁；拆卸；记下 18.tell the truth 说实话 19.point out 指出 20.go away 消失 21.as well 也 21.call out 喊出 用法归纳 1.be busy doing sth/be busy with sth 忙于（做）某事 2.see sb /sth doing sth 看见某人或某物正在做某事 3.begin/start to do sth 开始做某事 4.try to do sth 努力去做某事 5.have trouble（in）doing sth 做某事又困难 语法点 过去进行时 过去进行最好记，was/were+doing 特定时间有暗示，过去某刻某时段 肯定主语在句首，一般问句 Be 提前 否定句式更简单，Be 后只把 not 添 相关阅读方法 1.词义辨析法 2.题目和中心句理解法 Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains 短语归纳 1.work on 从事 2.as soon as 一.......就...... 3.take...away 拿走，带走 4.a good way to do sth 做某事的好方法 5.a little bit 一点儿 6.once upon a time 从前 7.at other times 平时；有时 8.turn...into..变成 9.come out 出现，出版，结果是 10.get married 结婚 11.fall in love with sb 爱上某人 12.open up 打开 13.be born 出生 14.think of ways 想出方法 15.all over the world 全世界 16.make a plan to do sth 制定计划做某事 17.along the way 沿路 18.be lost 迷路 19.find out 找出 20.learn about 了解 用法归纳 1.try to do sth 设法做某事 2.finish doing sth 完成做某事 3.continue to do sth 继续做某事 4.make sb do sth 让某人做某事 5.keep doing sth 一直做某事 6.instead of doing sth 代替做某事 7.be able to sth 能够做某事 8.It takes/took.....to do sth 花费...做某事 9.have no time to do sth 没有时间做某事 10.become interested in doing sth 对做某事感兴趣 11.can’t stop doing sth 禁不住做某事 12.hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事 13.lead sb to somewhere 引导某人到某处 14.leave sth at/in somewhere 把某物遗忘在某地 15.show sb sth 向某人展示某物 语法点 1.unless 引导的条件状语从句 2.so...that...引导的结果状语从句 3.as soon as 引导的时间状语从句 相关阅读方法 上下文暗示法和文体归类法 Unit7 what’s the highest mountain in the world? 短语归纳 1.take in 吸入；吞入 2.in the face of 面对（问题；困难） 3.at birth 出生时 4.as you can see 正如你所看到的 5.as far as I know 据我所知 6.up to 直到 7.prepare ...for...为...准备... 8.fall over 摔倒 9.die from 死于...... 10.cut down 砍到 11.take care of 照顾；照看 12.or so 大约；左右 13.in danger 处于危险之中 用法归纳 1.any other+名次单数 其他任何一个...... 2.feel free to ask sb sth on ...... 就...随意问某人某事 3.one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最....的....之一 4.what’s the+形容词最高级+名词 in the world?世界上最....的....是什么？ 5.protect....from/against....保护....使不受；防御 6.succeed in doing sth 成功做成某事 7.teach sb about sth 教某人有关.....内容 8.send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事 9.There be sb/sth doing.....有某人/物正在做某事 语法点 1.数词 hundred,thousand,million,billion 的用法 2.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法 比较级变化规则 比较等级要变化，一般词尾加-er 词尾若有哑音 e，直接加 r 就可以 一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写 辅音字母加 y 结尾，要把 y 改 i 加 er 相关阅读方法 固定搭配 Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 短语归纳 1.be full of 充满 2.grow up 长大 3.put...down... 4.at least 至少 5.hurry up 赶快 6.bring back to sw 带回到某地 7.not long after that 之后不久 8.more than 超出 9.in the middle of 在....中间 10.fight over 与....争吵；争斗 11.think about 考虑 12.come to realize 逐渐意识到 13.ever since then 从那时起 14.a kind of 一种 15.such as 例如 16.belong to 属于 17.find out 找出；查出 18.at the end of the day 在一天结束的时候 19.be famous for 因为...而出名 20.the mark of.... .....的印痕 21.leave behind 遗忘；留下 22.full of feeling 充满感情 23.the importance of money and success 金钱和成功的重要性 用法归纳 1.finish doing sth 完成做某事 2.arrive at/in sw 到达某地 3.learn to do sth 学习做某事 4.see sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事 5.name sb sth 给某人取名为....... 6.teach sb sth 教某人某事 7.use sth to do 用某物做某事 8.love to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事 9.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 10.be kind to sb 对某人友好 11.hope to do sth 希望做某事 12.have time to do sth 有时间做某事 13have nothing to do 没什么事情可做 语法点 现在完成时 相关阅读方法 逻辑推理法 Unit9 Have you ever been to a museum? 短语归纳 1.have a great time 玩的开心 2.put up 搭建；支起 3.in such a rapid way 用如此快速的方式 4.be able to do sth 能够做某事 5.a couple of 少数；几个 6.take a ride 兜风 7.on the other hand 一方面 8.more than 多于；超过 9.three quarters 四分之三 10.whether...or... 不管...还是... 11.wake up 醒来 12.all year round 一年到头，终年 13.close to 靠进 用法归纳 1.a great way to do sth 一个做某事的好方法 2.watch sb to do sth 观看某人做了某事 3.It’s un believable that....很难相信...... 4.encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 5. have problem (in）doing sth 做某事很费劲 6.As...as.. 和...一样 7.the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间 8.choose to do sth 选择做某事 9.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 语法点 现在完成时 区分：have been to 和 have gone to 相关阅读方法 前后意义照应法 Unit10 I’v had this bike for three years 短语归纳 1.haw long 多长，多长时间 2.have a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会 3.give away 捐赠；赠送 4.not.....anymore 不再.... 5.welcome to ...欢迎到.... 6.check out 察看；观察 7.clear out 收拾，整理 8.at first 起初 9.no longer 不再；不复 10.as for ...至于..... 11.a train and railway set 一套轨道火车 12.to be honest 说实在的 13.search for 寻找 14.across from 在.....对面 15.according to 依据；按照 16.In one’s opinion 依...看 17.in order to 为了 用法归纳 1.It’s+adj（+for sb)+to do sth (对某人来说）做某事是...... 2.decide to do sth 决定做某事 3.have been in+地点 在某处待了多久 5.hope to do sth 希望做某事 7.one of+the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数+V 单数 最....的...之一是.... 8.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 9.need to do sth 需要做某事 语法点 现在完成时 1.since 和 for 引导状语的区别 2.延续性动词和瞬间动词 瞬间动词转为为延续动词表 Borrow-keep buy-have catch a cold-have a cold put on-wear get to know-know Get to sleep-sleep begin/start-be on go out-be out get to /arrive/reach-be(in) Die-be dead open-be open leave-be away finish-be over fall ill-be ill Join-be in/be a member of fall asleep-be asleep make friends-be friends Come/go-be+相应的介词 close-be close go to bed-be in bed get up-be up 相关阅读方法 主旨大意理解法 全书语法大归纳 1.反身代词 2.情态动词 should 和 could 的用法 3.过去进行时 4.现在完成时 5.动词不定式 6.状语从句