仁爱英语第一轮总复习八上

仁爱英语第一轮总复习八上

八年级上学期复习精要 Unit 1 Playing Sports Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? 重点词语: 1. almost(反义词)never 2.win(过去式)won(名词)winner 3.ski(现在分词)skiing 4.famous(比较级)more famous 5.arrive(同义词)reach 6.leave(过去式))left 7.popular(最高级)most popular 8.healthy(同义词)fit(名词)health 词组 1. during the summer holidays 在暑假期间 2. between…and… 在两者之间 3. cheer sb. on 为某人加油 4. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 5. quite a bit/a lot 很多 6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 7. have a skating club 举办滑雪俱乐部 8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足 9. arrive in 到达 10. play against… 与……对抗/较量 11. for long 很久 12. leave for… 动身去… 13. the day after tomorrow 后天 14. places of interest 名胜 15. relax oneself 放松某人自己 16. play baseball 打棒球 17. at least 至少 18. be good at 善于做某事 19. take part in 参加 20. all over the world 全世界 21. be good for 对……有益 22. keep fit/healthy 保持健康 重点句型 25. What’s your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜爱的运动是什么? 26. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better? 你更喜欢什么运动? I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪. 27. Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗? 28. She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆. 29. She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping. 30. What kind of sports do you like? = Which sport do you like? 你喜欢哪种运动? 重点语言点 31. see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与 every day; often 等连用. see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行. 如: I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays. I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看见她在河边画画. I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路 I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路. [类似的有 watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词.] 32. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起” join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织” take part in 表示 “参加/出席某个活动” 如: Will you join us? I will join the skiing club. She is planning to take part in the high jump. 33. arrive in + 大地点；arrive at + 小地点；get to + 地点 = reach + 地点 如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday. I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall. 注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home 34. leave… 离开……； leave for… 动身去…/离开到… 如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京. They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本. 35. a few “几个;一些” 修饰可数名词；a little “一点点” 修饰不数名词 如: There are a few eggs in the basket. There is a little water in the bottle. 36. how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段. how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率. 如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing? He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball? 37.be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事 如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball. 38.make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态 keep …sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态 如: Playing soccer can make your body strong. Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy. 重点语法 一般将来时： （一）be going to 结构: ①表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先 考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用 be going to 表达的行动很可能会见诸 实践。 如：I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday. She is going to buy a sweater for her mother. ②表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。 如：Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！ （二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll. 表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。 如：a. ----Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。 ----I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。 b. ----Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶？ ----I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。 c. Don’t worry. I’ll help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。 表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。 如： I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。 Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。 表示许诺。如： I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。 I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。 句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon. 否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon. 一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon? 回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t. （三）动词 plan, come, go, leave, fly 等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事. 如： I’m coming. 我就来。 He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。 We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。 Topic 2 Would you mind saying sorry to Michael? 一、重点词语: 词形转换： (1) adj. + ly → adv. loud → loudly soft → softly quiet → quietly clear → clearly angry → angrily easy → easily (2)过去式： fall → fell break → broke lose →lost throw → threw feel → felt (3) 1.ill (同义词)sick (名词)illness 2.start(同义词)begin 3.far(反义词)near 4.smoke(现在分词)smoking 5.careless(反义词)careful 6.important(比较级) more important 7.Russia(公民)Russian 8.enjoy(现在分词)enjoying 9.invent(名词)invention;inventor 10.indoor(反义词)outdoor 11.century( 复 数 )centuries 12.coach( 复 数 )coaches 13.feel ( 名 词 )feeling 14.tiring( 近 义 词)tired (二) 词组: have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛 fall ill 病倒了 be a little far from… 离……有点远 right away = at once 立刻;马上 miss a good chance 错过一个好机会 get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分 shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻 do one’s best 尽某人的力 say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉 be sure to do sth. 确定做某事 be angry with… 生某人的气 with one’s help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 serve food 上菜 turn up/down… 调高/低（音量） keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 in a minute 一分钟后；马上 on the phone 在电话中 take a seat 就坐 never mind 不要紧 a lot of traveling 一系列旅行 love/enjoy doing sth. 喜爱/欢做某事 have a very exciting life 过着非常兴奋的生活 as well 也 throw…into…把……投进…… follow/obey the rules 遵守规则 over a century later 一个多世纪后 more and more people 越来越多的人 feel tired 感到疲劳 instead of… 替代…… ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 make a plan for sb. 为某人订一份计划 build up 增进;增强 go right 正常运转 do the homework 做作业 二.重点句型 Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand? Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好吗？ You are always so careless. 你总是这样粗心大意. Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you.让我为你买一个新的。 He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。 三. 重点语言点 ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语. 如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语) He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语) Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗?” 如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗? Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗? 3. one of + 名词复数 表示 “其中之一……”, 主语是 one,表单数. 如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。 4. miss “错过,思念,遗失” 如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车. He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲. My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了. 5. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事” 如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time. 6. be sorry for… “为某事抱歉”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事” 如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉. I’m sorry I lost your book. = I’m sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。 7．tired adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人 tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 类似的有: excited exciting interested interesting 8.15-year-old “15 岁的” 15 years old “15 岁” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old. 类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles 9. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开. instead of…“替代……;而不……,相反” 如: I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京. = I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai. I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水. 10.have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做…….中获得乐趣” 如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。 四、交际用语 (1) 请求和回答 （2）道歉和回答 Topic 3 Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics. 一、重点词组: join the English club 加入英语俱乐部 host the 2008 Olympics 举办 2008 年奥运会 fill out 填出/好 go on 发生；进行 all the interesting places 所有有趣的地方 quite a lot 相当多 make friends with… 与……交朋友 be afraid 恐怕 be free 有空 see you then 再见 win the first gold medal 赢得第一枚金牌 get 28 gold medals 获得 28 枚金牌 the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的获胜者 every four years 每四年;每隔三年 the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会的吉祥物 behave well 举止得体 improve the environment 改善环境 plant trees and grass 种植花草树木 a symbol of … 一种…的象征 stand for 代表 the five parts of the world 世界的五大部分 do morning exercises 做早操 be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事 二、重点句型 1.Could you tell me your name? 你能告诉我你的名字吗?= What’s your name? 2.What do you do? = What’s your job? = What are you? 你是干什么的? 3. More and more foreign friends ride in my taxi (= take my taxi) now. 现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车. 4.Speaking English will help me a lot. 说英语将对我有很大帮助. 5.Please fill it out. 请把它填好. 6.What will the weather be like this weekend? = How will the weather be this weekend? 7..There will be more roads in Beijing. 在北京将会有更多的马路. 三. 重点语言点 1.fill out + 名词 “填好……” fill + 名词/代词+out 如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格. Please fill it/them out. (当宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好. 2.be afraid… “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人. be afraid of… “害怕(做)……” 如: I’m afraid I won’t be free. 我恐怕没有空. He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗. They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛. 3.may be “可能是……” may 是情态动词 + be ； maybe “或许; 可能” maybe 是副词 如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师. He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字. 4.between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者当中 如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在 A 和 B 之间. The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中. 5. There be 句型的一般将来时 正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend. = There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend. 误:There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend. = There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend. 四、交际用语 提建议的句型: Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我们一起去远足吗? What/How about going hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足怎么样? Why don’t you go hiking with us? 你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢? Why not go hiking with us? 为什么不和我们为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?呢? Let’s go hiking. 让我们一起去远足吧! Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我们一起去远足吗? Would you please go hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足好吗? Shall we go hiking? 我们一起去远足好吗? (shall 在疑问句中与 I 和 we 连用,表示提出或征求意见. 意思为 “……好吗?/ 要不要……?) Unit 2 Keeping Healthy Topic 1 How are you feeling today? 一、重点词组: have a (bad/terrible) cold 患（重）感冒 have a toothache/backache/headache/stomachache 牙痛/背痛/头痛/胃痛 see a dentist/doctor 看牙医/医生 have a cough/fever 患咳嗽/发高烧 have the flu 得了流感 have sore eyes 眼睛发炎 have a sore throat 喉咙发炎 take/have a (good) rest （好好）休息 sleep well 睡得好 drink a lot of boiled water 多喝开水 lift heavy things 提重物 stay in bed 呆在床上 have a good sleep 好好睡一觉 feel terrible 感到难受 take sb. to… 带某人去…… take some medicine/ pills 吃药 day and night 日日夜夜 bad luck 倒霉 lie down 躺下 hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶 brush one’s teeth 刷牙 have an accident 出了事故/意外 send sb. to…. 送某人去…… take/ have a look at…看一看…… not…until… 直到……才….. get well 恢复健康 plenty of… 充足;大量 take off your coat 脱掉你的大衣 二、重点句型 You should see a dentist. 你应该看牙医。 You shouldn’t lift heavy things. 你不应该提重物。 You look pale. 你看起来气色不好,很苍白. You’d better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生. You’d better not go to school today. 今天你最好不要去上学. Thank you for your flowers and fruit. 谢谢你送来的鲜花和水果. I couldn’t read them until today. 直到今天我才读了他们. 三. 重点语言点 1.身体某个部位 + ache，表身体某处疼痛。 如: headache 头痛 backache 背痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛 medicine “药” 为不可数名词 pill “药片” 为可数名词 如: take some medicine 吃些药 take some cold pills 吃些感冒药 2.with “含有…” without “没有” hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶 coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶 mooncake with eggs 含鸡蛋的月饼 Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中国清茶 Go to school without (eating) breakfast. 没吃早饭去上学。 3.until “直到……为止” ; 句中动词一般为延续性动词 not …until…. “直到……才…” ; 句中动词一般为短暂性动词 如: He will wait for his father until ten o’clock. 他将等他父亲一直到 10 点为止. He won’t leave until his father comes . 直到他父亲来他才离开. 4.both…and…. “……和……(两者)都”; 当主语时,谓语动词用复数. 如: I know both Jim and Tom. 吉姆和汤姆俩人我都认识. Both Jim and I are 16 years old. 5.plenty of… “充足;大量” 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词, 只用于肯定句, 相当于 a lot of…/ lots of… many “许多”, 修饰可数名词，much “许多”, 修饰不可数名词 如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water. 你应该喝大量的开水. You shouldn’t drink so much water. 你不应该喝这么多水. I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有许多水. 四、交际用语 (一)询问病情 (二)诉说病情 1. I feel terrible./ I am feeling terrible. 2. I have a headache/stomachache/…. 3. I can’t sleep well at night. 4. I cough day and night. 我日日夜夜地咳嗽. (3) 表示同 情 1. I’m sorry to hear that. 2. That’s too bad. 3. Bad luck. 倒霉. (4) 表达建议 1. You’d better (not) do sth 2. You should/shouldn’t do sth 3. Shall I take you to the hospital? Topic 2 Is it good for your health? 一、重点词组: look tired 看起来很累 watch a soccer game on TV 在电视上观看一场足球赛 stay up 熬夜 keep long fingernails 留长指甲 wash hands before meals 饭前洗手 play sports right after meals 饭后适当运动 take a fresh breath 呼吸新鲜空气 be necessary for… 对于……来说是必不可少的 keep you active 使你保持精力旺盛 in the daytime 在白天 throw litter about 乱扔垃圾 get enough sleep 得到足够的睡眠 exercise on an empty stomach 空腹锻炼 = without eating anything need to do sth 需要做某事 get into 进入 become sick 生病 fight germs 抗击病菌 keep the air clean and fresh 保持空气清新 eat bad food 吃变质食物 sweep the floors 打扫地板 as we know 众所周知 have the right kinds of food 吃正确种类的（健康的）食品 choose the wrong food 选择错误的（不健康的）食品 in different ways 用不同的方法 make us sick 使我们生病 二、重点句型 1.I see. Staying up late is bad for your health. (动名词短语做主语) 2. How did Wang Jun get a headache? 王俊怎样患上头痛的？ 3.Is going to bed early good or bad for your health? It’s good.(选择问句要根据事实回答) 4.Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health. 5.It will keep you active in the daytime. 它(早睡早起)将使你在白天保持旺盛的精力. 6.You must not throw litter about. = Don’t throw litter about. 不要乱扔垃圾. 7.We may have more than one headache each month. 每月我们可能会不止一次头疼. 8.You may get a headache when you can’t get enough sleep.当你睡眠不足时,可能会头疼. 9.What does it mean when you have a headache? 头痛对你来说意味着什么? 10.The boy becomes sick. 那个男孩生病了. 11.As we know, food gives us enery. 众所周知,食物给我们提供能量. 12.If we eat too little or too much food, or if we choose the wrong food, it can make us sick. 三. 重点语言点 1. be good for… 对……有益 ；be bad for… 对……有害 如: Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益. Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes. 在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害. 2.disease 通常指具体的病, illness 通常指生病的状态或表抽象的疾病 如：Germs can cause diseases. 细菌会引发疾病。 SARS is a serious disease. 非典是一种严重的疾病。 Don’t worry about his illness. 别担心他的病。 3.exercise 表 “锻炼/运动”时, 为不可数名词; 表 “练习”或有定语修饰时, 为可数名词. 如: He often takes/does exercise in the morning. 他经常上午锻炼. Please do the exercises at once.请马上做这些练习. He does morning exercises every day. 他每天做早操 . Walking is good exercise. 散步是很好的锻炼. 4.enough adj. “足够的” 修饰名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前) 如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 我有足够的时间完成这项工作. There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物. adv. “足够地” 修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面. 如: He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足够高,能够得着苹果. He speaks clearly enough. 他讲得足够清楚. 5.need “需要, 必需” 1 作实义动词: need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事 如: I need some help. 我需要一些帮助. You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生. He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车. 2 作情态动词: need + 动词原形 如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么东西, 只要开口就行了. You needn’t finish this work today. 你不必今天完成这项工作. 6．too much + 不可数名词 表“太多的。。。” much too + 形容词 表“太。。。”，much 起加强语气作用 如：Don’t eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。 He is much too fat. 他实在太胖了。 四.重点语法 情态动词: ①must “必须, 一定” 如: We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习. mustn’t “不可以” 如: You mustn’t walk on the lawn. 你不可以在草坪上行走. ②should “应该” 如: We should finish it on time. 我们应该按时完成它. shouldn’t “不该” 如: You shouldn’t go to school late. 你不该上学迟到. ③had better “最好” 如：You had better go to bed early.你最好早睡。 had better not “最好不” 如：You had better not go to bed late.你最好不要迟睡。 ④may “可以” 如: May I come in? 我可以进来吗? “可能” 如: You may get a headache when you work too hard. Topic 3 We should do our best to fight SARS. 一、重点词组: talk with 与……交谈 hurry up 赶紧/快 go ahead = go on 继续（问） spread easily 易传播 be afraid of… 害怕…… catch SARS 患上非典 do one’s best to do sth 尽力做某事 fight SARS 抗击非典 keep away from animals 远离动物 do house cleaning 打扫屋子 go to crowded places 去拥挤的地方 all the time = always 总是/一直 examine the patients 检查病人 take a message 捎口信 take care of… 照顾……= look after / care for take an active part in 积极参加 tell/ask sb. to do sth 叫某人做某事 call back 回电话 leave a message 留口信 care for patients 照顾病人 save the patients 挽救病人 spend the time 度过时光 teach oneself 自学 help mother cook 帮助妈妈煮东西 on the phone/Internet 在电话中/在互联网上 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 tell sb. a story / stories 给某人讲故事 take some Chinese medicine 吃些中药 二、重点句型 We don’t have to be afraid of catching SARS. 我们没必要害怕患上非典。 Please tell my father to take care of himself. 请告诉我的父亲照顾好他自己。 Could you please ask her to call me back? 请叫她给我回电话好吗？ He took an active part in the battle against SARS. 他积极参加抗击非典的战斗。 He cared for the patients day and night. 他日日夜夜照顾病人。 It’s my duty to save the patients. 挽救病人是我的职责。 What do you think of Kangkang’s father? 你认为康康的父亲怎么样？ Long time no see! 好久不见！ You could cook for us next time. 下次你能为我们煮东西了。 三、重点语言点 1.talk with sb. 表 “与……交流” , 指 “与人平等地交流、讨论” talk to sb. 表示 “找某人谈话” , 在口语中常 “责备某人” 如: Jim’s father is talking with the teacher. 吉姆的父亲正在和老师交谈. I will talk to him about his careless. 我要找他谈话,批评他的粗心大意. 2.常用的反身代词词组: take care of oneself = look after oneself 照顾某人自己 teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴 3.help sb (to) do sth = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 如: I helped my mother cook at home. = I helped my mother with the cook at home. 我在家帮我母亲做饭. 四、重点语法 (一) 情态动词: must 与 have to ① must 表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,侧重表达说话者的主观看法.（只有一种时态） 如：We must wash hands before meals. 饭前我们必须洗手. We must eat healthy food. 我们必须吃健康的食物. ② have to 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而＂不得不做某事＂．（可用于各种时态） 如：It’s too late. I have to go now. 太迟了.现在我得走了. I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我不得不借了一些钱. *----Must we keep the windows open all the time? ----No, we don’t have to. / No, we needn’t. (注意回答时不能用 No, we mustn’t.) (二)电话用语 Review of Units 1---2 break the window 打破窗户（玻璃） get lost 丢失；迷路 on one’s way (to) 在….的路上 take the wrong bus 搭错车 one of the most popular sports 最受欢迎的运动之一 a group of people 一群人 form an international organization 成立一个国际组织 put sth in low places 把某物放在低处 eat sth by mistake 误吃 put…away 把…收起来 ask for three days’ leave 请三天的假 Unit3 My Hobby Topic 1 I love collecting stamps 一.重点词汇 hobby 爱好 vacation 假期 painting 绘画 friendship 友谊 knowledge 知识 daily 每日的 whether 是否 such as 例如 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 take a bath 洗澡 be interested in 对……感兴趣 go dancing 跳舞 go boating 划船 play volleyball 打排球 swimming 游泳 drawing 画画 collecting stamps 集邮 collecting coins 收藏硬币 listening to pop music 听流行音乐 listening to classical music 听古典音乐 listening to symphony 听交响乐 walking in the countryside 在乡间散步 二.重点句型： 1.Wow! So many stamps! 哇，那么多的邮票！ 本句意为：There are so many stamps. so many 意思是“那么多”，so much 意思也是“那么多”。 如：1）There are so many flowers. Or: So many flowers！这里有这么多的花。 2)There is so much water on the table. Or: So much water!桌子上有那么多的水。 2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同 very much。如: 1）She had told me a lot about how to learn English well. 2）Thanks a lot.非常感谢。 另外，a lot of 和 lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替 much， many。在口语中尤其如此。如： There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。 There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。 We have had a lot of / lots of fruits. 我们吃过许多水果。 a lot of 和 lots of 之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名 词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。 3.Would you like to collect any of these things?你想集下面这些东西吗? would you like to +动词原形，表示“想要……”如: 1) Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡吗？ 2)Would you like to have something to drink？你想要点喝的吗？ any 用在疑问句、条件从句中，可以翻译为“什么”、“一些”。如: 1)Are there any letters for me? 这有我的信吗？ 2)If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有什么困难，请告诉我。 4. What things do you love collecting?你喜欢集什么东西？ love + doing 表示“喜欢、爱好”，也可以用 like+ doing 表示。如： 1）I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。 2）I love skating.我喜欢溜冰。 5.I am interested in playing sports.我对运动感兴趣。be interested in (doing) sth. “对……感兴趣” 如: 1）I am interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。 2）Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。 6.What do you often do in your spare time? 在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？ in one’s spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用 in one’s free time 替换。如: 1）I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。 2）In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。 7. I often go fishing. (Page 55)我经常去钓鱼。 go + doing 表示“去做某事” go +v-ing 结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如: 1)Let’s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。 2)Are you going hiking this weekend?这个周末你打算去远足吗？ 另外还有：go hunting 去打猎 go shooting 去射击 go swimming 去游泳 go bathing 去沐浴 go shopping 去购物 go climbing 去爬山 8.And I do a lot of reading.我通常都是阅读一些书籍。 在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如： 散步 do some walking do a lot of walking 读书 do some reading do a lot of reading 洗衣服 do some washing do a lot of washing 买东西 do some shopping do a lot of shopping 清扫 do some cleaning do a lot of cleaning 9．Im a movie fan.我是一个电影迷。 fan(运动、电影等)狂热爱好者。如: a film / football / star fan 同时，fan 作为名词还有“风扇”的意思。如：electric fan 电扇。 10．I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. 我也租一些 VCD 在家看。 watch “观看、注视”。如：1) I like to watch TV.我喜欢看电视。 2) Are you going to play or watch?你将参加比赛还是只是去看看？ 11.Why not go out and do some outdoor activities? 为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？ 这是一个省略句，全句可以说成 Why shall we not go out and do some outdoor activities?常在口 语中使用，用来征求对方的意见或表达建议。使用这种句子必须要有上下文，如： 1）Why not meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面好吗？ 2）Why not run a little faster?为什么不跑快一点呢？ some“一些、几个”，用在疑问句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如： 1）Would you like to give us some good advice?请给我们一些好的建议好吗？ 2）Would you like some coffee or tea?请问，你是想喝咖啡还是茶？ 12.Maybe I need a change. 或许我需要改变。maybe “也许、可能、大概”。如： 1）Maybe he will come, maybe he won’t.也许他来，也许他不来。 2）—Is that true?那是真的吗？ —Maybe, I am not sure.也许，我也不敢肯定。 13.My interests are changing all the time.我的兴趣爱好总是在不断地改变。 all the time“总是、一直”。如： 1）Why are you playing all the time? 你为什么总是玩啊？ 2）Look at these monkeys, they are jumping all the time. 14. And I wasn’t interested in sports at all.我对运动一点兴趣都没有。 not...at all “一点也不……”；“全然不”。如： 1）I didn’t mind it at all. 我一点也不在意。2）He didn’t know that at all. 他对此事一无所知。 3）—Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。 —Not at all.没关系。 15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. like “像……，好比……”。如： 1)He swims very quickly like a fish.他游泳非常地快，像一条鱼。 2) The cake is round like a moon.这块蛋糕是圆的，就像月亮一样。 16. I never miss any important soccer games. never “未曾、从未”，表示否定。如： 1)I have never met him before. 2) You have never been to the Great Wall, have you? 17. I used to know little about paintings.我过去不太懂绘画。 little 和 few 都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little 相当于 not much, few 相当于 not many。little 与不可数名词连用, few 与可数名词复数连用。如： 1)I have little time.我的时间很少。 2) I understood little of his speech.他的话我没有明白多少。 3) Few of the students passed the exam.没有几个学生考试及格。 4）Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。 而 a little 和 a few 含有肯定的意思，表示“一些”；“几个”（虽然少，但有一些）。如： 1)I know a little French.我多少还懂点儿法语。 2) There’s a little water in the glass.杯子里还有点儿水。 3) Can you stay a few days longer?你能多呆几天吗？ 4)I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京还有几个朋友。 18. I enjoy listening to rock music.我喜欢听摇滚音乐。 like, love, enjoy 和 prefer，这四个词都有“喜欢”之意，但用法不同。 prefer 意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，常用于两者之间的选择，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不定 式。prefer...to...表示“宁愿…，不愿…”，“喜欢…而不喜欢…”，其中 to 为介词，后可跟名词 或动名词。如： 1）Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡？ 2）I prefer walking to cycling.我喜欢步行胜过骑单车。 3）My brother likes maths, but I prefer English.我哥哥喜欢数学，而我更喜欢英语。 19.Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations? 在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？ during “在……的期间、在……的时候”。如： 1）The sun gives us light during the daytime.太阳在白天给我们阳光。 2) He called to see me during my absence.当我不在的时候他来访过我。 20．I used to do that in the pond in front of my house.我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。 in front of “在……的前面”；指在物体外部的前面。而 in the front of “……的前部”；指在物 体内部的前面，即前部。注意它们的区别。试比较： 1）There is a tall tree in front of my house.我家房前有一棵大树。 2）Don’t stand in front of me. I can’t see the blackboard.别站在我前面。我都看不见黑板了。 3）The teacher is giving a lesson in the front of the classroom.老师在教室的前面讲课。 4) The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前面。 21．Nobody. I taught myself. 没有任何人，我自学的。 teach oneself “自学、自修”。teach 动词“教授、教……”有些动词后常跟反身代词，如：enjoy oneself “过得愉快”, help oneself “随便吃（用）……”。 22.When they are free, people usually do what they like. free “有空、空闲”， be free 可以替换为 have time。如： 1）Are you free this evening? = Do you have time this evening? 你今天晚上有空吗？ 2) If I am free, I am going to visit the museum. = If I have time, I am going to visit the museum. 23.They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. such as “像……、比如……、诸如……”如： 1）We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics. 2）I can name some animals in the zoo, such as tiger, wolf, fox and so on. 24．When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner. 本句中 become, keep, be, 与 get 都是系动词。系动词的基本用法是 其后加形容词做表语。系动词一共可以分为两大类：表示状态的和表示状态变化的。 系动词表示状态的又分为以下三类： 1)be, seem, appear 等。 2)由感官动词变化而来的，翻译成中文通常可以翻译成“……起来”，这些系动词有：look, sound, feel, taste, smell 等。 3)由不及物动词转化而来的，这些系动词有：stand, keep, prove, remain 系动词表示状态变化的包括：become, go, get, grow, turn, fall 等。 24．I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. light“淡色的、浅色的”，而 dark 的意思则是“深色的、暗淡的”。 25．Pink likes to have a bath. have a bath 洗澡 短语 have a bath 与动词 bathe 意思一样，但前者表示在有限的时间里进行某项活动。如： 游泳 have a swim 谈一谈 have a talk 洗一洗 have a wash 骑马 have a ride 看一看 have a look 休息一下 have a rest 26.How do you take care of them?你怎样照顾它们？ take care of 照顾，类似的说法还有 look after；care for 三.语法学习 1.I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思 是现在已不复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to 的否定形式为：used not to do 或 didn’t use to do。疑问句为 Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...?如： 1）I used to go to school on foot.（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。） 2）Mary used to sleep late.（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。） 3) I used to walk along the road after supper. 4) He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it. 现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与 do 连用的形式。 例如：1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much. 2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪儿？ 3)There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there?以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？ 另外，注意 be used to doing sth.与 used to do sth.的区别： be used to doing sth “习惯于……，适应于……”如: 1）He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。 2）He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。 3）I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。 be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如： 1）Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来生产纸张。 2）Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。 2. Collecting stamps must be great fun!集邮肯定很有趣！ must 在这里是情态动词，作用是用来表示推测，可以翻译为“想必”。如: 1)Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now. 2)Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday.你的朋友想必昨天已经离开去南京了。 3) She thought that her present must be in the box.她以为礼物一定是在盒子里。 4) You must be thirsty after a long walk.走了很长的路，你一定渴了。 5) It must be ten o’clock now.现在肯定有 10 点钟了。 情态动词 must 的三种否定形式 must 表示“必须”时，其否定回答为 don’t have to，意思为“不需要”。如: Must I pay back the money right now? No, you don’t have to. must 表示“推测”时，其否定形式为 can’t，意思为“不可能”。如: 1）I’ve seen what she is talking about, so she can’t be telling lies. 2）Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he can’t be here. 而 must not 的意思为“绝对不可，不许，禁止”。如： 1）You must not smoke in the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院里吸烟。 2）You must not cross the road when the traffic lights are red. 3.He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not. 他并不介意它们是否是好的。 此句为以 whether 引导的宾语从句。whether...or not“不论是否……”。如： 1）You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not. 2）Whether we go or not matters little.不论我们是否去，关系不大。 if 与 whether 的区别。 二者在引导宾语从句时一般可换用。如： 1)I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow.我想知道明天是否下雨。 2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home.他问我李平是否在家。 3) He didn’t understand if / whether the stranger told a lie. 但下列几种情况不能换用。 whether 后可紧接 or not，而 if 一般不能。 如：Let me know whether or not you can come.你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。 不定式前用 whether，不用 if。 如：I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home. 介词后可用 whether，不用 if。 如：I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.我是否回家还没有定。 Topic2 I like pop music 一. 重点词汇 pity 遗憾 concert 音乐会 violin 小提琴 sweet 悦耳的 continue doing sth. 继续做某事 be born 出生 set up 建立 classical music 古典音乐 folk songs 民歌 stage name 艺名 everyday life 日常生活 be famous for 因……而著名 look for 寻找 二. 重点句型 1．And it sounds great! 听起来好极了。sound 系动词“听起来”，系动词后常与形容词连用。 2.What kind of musical instrument can you play?你会弹什么种类的乐器？ kind 是“种类，类型”的意思。如： a kind of 一种，all kinds of 各种各样， what kind of 什么类型的。 如:What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room? 3.We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just ￥240 each. each 副词 “各个”，“每个”。如： 1）These books cost a dollar each.这些书每本一美元。 2)He gave the boys a shilling each.他给孩子们每人一个先令。 4．What do you do in your free time? in one’s free time “在闲暇之际”。 5．Classical music is serious music.古典音乐是一种很严肃的音乐。 serious 形容词“严肃的、认真的”；“严重的”。如： 1）He is a serious worker. 他是一个工作认真的人。 2）“ It’s nothing serious.” says the doctor,“ You’ve got a little cold.” 6．Pop music often comes and goes easily.流行音乐来得快去得也快。 come and go easily 可以翻译为“来去匆匆”。如： 1）Money is something that comes and goes easily.钱这东西来得快去得也快。 2）Rain in June comes and goes easily.六月的雨来得快去得也快。 7．They are very popular among young people.它们在年轻人当中很流行。 among 介词“在……当中”,“在……中间”，用于三者或三者以上；而 between 也是介词“在…… 当中”,“在……中间”之意，则只能用于两者之间。如： 1）Among the family, Lin Tao is the youngest.在全家人中，林涛是最小的。 2）Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class.汤姆是他们班男孩子中跑得最快的。 3）Mary is sitting between the twins.玛丽坐在双胞胎的中间。 4）The football game is between Chinese team and Japanese team. 8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. be famous for“以……而著名”, “因……而出名”。如： 1) Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。 2)China is famous for its long history.中国以悠久的历史而闻名。 3）Beijing Library is famous for having a large number of books.北京图书馆以藏书众多而闻名。 9．It is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. one of “……之一”。常用在“one of + 最高级 +名词复数”结构中。如： 1)Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 2) English is one of the most difficult subjects this term.英语是这学期最难学的课程之一。 3）Liu Xiang is one of the fastest runners in the world.刘翔是世界上跑得最快的人之一。 10 ． In the fall of 1976, a- 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians. 14-year-old 数词和名词之间有连字符的，名词不用复数。如： a three-leg chair 一把三条腿的椅子；the tenth five-year plan 第十个五年计划 3)look for “寻找”，强调“寻找”的过程，而 find“找到”，则是强调“找到”的结果。如： —What are you looking for?你在找什么？ —I’m looking for my cat.我在找我的猫。 —Can you find it?你找到了没有？—No. I looked for it everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere. 11．He wanted to form a band.他想组建一个乐队。want to “想做某事”，want to + 动词原形。 如：1) I want to be a doctor when I grow up.我长大了想当一名医生。 2) People want to live on the moon some day.人们想有一天能住在月球上。 3) What do you want to do this Sunday?这个星期天你想干什么？ 常用 want sb. to do sth.表示“想让某人做某事”。如： 1)He wants me to help him with his lessons.他想让我帮他学习功课。 2) His parents wanted him to clean the room after school. 3) The teacher wanted her to speak louder when she answered the question. 12．He found 3 boys and they set up a band. set up 组建，创办。如：set up housekeeping 组织家庭 13.The four members are still close friends after many years.多年后，4 位成员仍然是好朋友。 close “亲密的”。如：a close friend 一个亲密的朋友 14.They continue making music.他们继续创作音乐。 continue + to do sth./ doing sth./ n.“继续做某事”。如：continue to read/writing/ a story 15．And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much. all over the world 全世界 16．When he was eight, his father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano. 在这个句子中 ask 的意思是“请求，要求”，常用的 ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。如： 1）I often ask my uncle to help me with my maths.我常请我叔叔帮我学数学。 2）My grandfather always asks me to get up at six in the morning.我爷爷总让我早晨六点起床。 还有一些其他类似的用法。如： tell sb. to do sth. want sb. to do sth. teach sb. to do sth. 17．He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy. make +n.+adj.结构。如：The news made us very exciting. 这个消息使我们很激动。 三.语法学习 1. What a pity! 这是一个由 what 引导的感叹句。what 引导感叹句的基本构成 2. What are you going to do this Sunday evening?(Page61) 这一周日晚上你想干什么 1)“be going to” 是一般将来时的一种表达方法.它表示: 现在打算在最近或将来要做某事. 如: Tom is going to Beijing with his father next week. 说话人根据已有的迹象认为可能要发生某事. 如: There are a lot of dark clouds. It’s going to rain. 2) “be going to”句式的基本结构: 肯定句:主语+be going to … eg. He is going to stay at school. 否定句:主语+be + not +going to… eg. I’m not going to the library this afternoon. 一般疑问句: Be +主语+going to… eg. Are you going to play tennis next week? 3)be going to 用于 there be 结构时要用 There be going to be + 主语+其它形式. 如: There is going to be a football game tomorrow. 4) 与 be going to 连 用 的 时 间 状 语 有 : next week/month/year, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this evening, in the future 等 Topic3 The movie is so wonderful! 一. 重点词汇 nobody 无人 museum 博物馆 church 教堂 factory 工厂 program 节目 pleasant 令人愉快的 handsome 英俊的 agree with sb. 与某人看法一致 take a shower 洗澡 answer the phone 接电话 do some cleaning 打扫卫生 knock at 敲 too…to 太…..以至于不能 talk about 谈论关于 二.重点句型 1．I called you but nobody answered the phone.我给你打电话了，但是没有人接。 answer the phone 固定词组，可翻译为“接电话” answer 的意思是“回答，答复”。如： 1) What shall I answer?我将怎样回答呢？2) Have you answered his letter? 你回了他的信吗？ 3) Answer the door, please, Jack. Someone is knocking at the door.开门去，杰克,有人在敲门。 2．Oh, I was taking a shower.我在淋浴。take a shower 淋浴，也可以用动词 have 代替 take。 3．Yeah, I think so. 在 think 后面可以用 so 来代替前面的内容，以避免重复。 4．And I also like the young man with light hair. 我也喜欢那个留着浅色头发的年轻人。 with 在这里是“有”的意思。如： a coat with two pockets 有两个口袋的衣服 a girl with blue eyes 碧眼女郎 a woman with an angry look in her eyes 眼里有怒色的女子 5．He is so handsome!他非常帅！so 在口语中，与加重语气的感叹句连用，作 very 解。 如：1) I’m so glad to see you!我很高兴见到你！ 2) It was so kind of you !你真好！ 3) There was so much to do!这么多事要做！ 6．I agree with you. agree with sb.同意某人的看法。 7. You look very sad. 你看起来很伤心。 look 系动词，可以翻译为“看起来”。look 做系动词，后面可以接形容词、动词的过去分词、 名词、介词短语以及 as if 从句做表语。如： 1）Tom looks very strong. 汤姆看起来非常的强壮。（形容词做表语） 2）Amy looks a fool. 埃米看起来像一个傻瓜。（名词做表语） 3）You look like your mother. 你看起来很像你的母亲。（介词短语做表语） 4）It looks as if we’re going to win this game. 看起来似乎我们要赢得这场比赛。（从句做表语） 8.There’s nothing serious. nothing serious “没事”。注意此结构的用法。用来修饰代词 something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody 等的形容词，要放在被修饰词的后面。如句中 serious 要放在 nothing 的后面。如：1) Would you like anything else?你还要点儿什么吗？ 2) I’ll tell you something important.我要告诉你一件重要的事。 3) There is nothing wrong with the computer.这台电脑没毛病。 8．Well, Miss Wang was angry with me.王老师生我的气了。 注意 be angry 后所跟的介词： be angry with + sb. 生某人的气 be angry about + sth. 对某事生气 如： 1) He was angry with himself for having made such foolish mistakes. 2) He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他对街上那么多的车辆而气恼。 9.In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy day”. 1800s 表示 19 世纪，同样的，1900s 则表示 20 世纪。 10.In the US, workers called them“blue Mondays”.在美国，工人们把它们叫做“蓝色星期一”。 蓝色（blue）在汉语中的引申意义较少，而在英语中 blue 是一个含义十分丰富的颜色词。在 翻译同这一颜色有关的表达时，我们应该注意其中的特别含义。 英语的 blue 常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁若闷”，如： 1）They felt rather blue after the failure in the football game.球赛踢输了，他们感到有些沮丧。 2）—She looks blue today.What’s the matter with her?—She’s in holiday blue. 11. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. 然后决定你的周末怎么过。 spend 度过；花费（时间、金钱）。结构有：spend...on sth., spend...(in)doing sth. 如： 1）He spent 5 yuan on the post card. 他买这张明信片花了 5 元钱。 2) They spent three days looking for the lost sheep on the hill. 三.语法学习 I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning.这句用的是过去进行时. 1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,也表示过去一段时间内的活动或那 个阶段正在进行的动作.如: He were watching TV at 8:00 last night. They were writing a book last month. 3. 过去进行时由 be (was/were)+动词 ing 形式构成的, 肯定句: 主语+was/were +doing +… 否定句: 主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +… 一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+doing+… 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t. 如: They were studying English at this tine yesterday. They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday. Were they studying English at this time yesterday? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. Unit 4 Our World Topic1 we share the world with plants and animals 一.重点词语 share…with 与……共享 play with 玩弄，玩耍 in danger 在危险之中 feed on 以……为食 think about 考虑，思考 enjoy nature 享受自然 at night 晚上 in the daytime 白天 summer vacation 暑假 thousands of 成千上万 in fact 事实上 find out 查明，发现 in nature 在自然界 二.重点句型 １.Ｐlants are more beautiful than animals.　植物比动物更漂亮。 ２.The plants stay green longer there.　那儿的植物能更长时间保持绿色。 ３.The rainforests are very important to us.　（热带）雨林对我们很重要。 ４.Water is necessary for all plants.It is the most important thing to all living things,we must save every drop of water.　 ５.Isn’t it interesting？　是不是很有趣呀？ ６.It is one of the most dangerous fish in the world.　它是世界上最危险的鱼之一。 ７.It is so strange！　太奇怪了！ 三.语法学习 （一.）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 １. 规则变化；２.不规则变化 （二.）形容词的比较级和最高级的用法 １. 比较级Ａ＜Ｂ或Ａ＞Ｂ，经常与 than 搭配，可用 much 和 a little 修饰． ２. 三者或三者以上比较用最高级，一般给出比较范围．如：of（in）＋…。 (1)例句：①I’m happier than you.　我比你更快乐。 ②Plants are much more beautiful than animals.　植物比动物漂亮的多。　　 (２)例句：①The boy is the tallest in my class.　这个男孩是我们班最高的。 ②Lesson Two is the most important of all.　第二课是所有中最重要的。　 四.交际用语：学习如何用英语描述和谈论我们生存的自然环境 Topic 2 What can robots do for us? 一. 重点词语 1.take the place of 代替，取代 2.instead of 代替，而不是…… 3.mistake…for…把……错当 4.seem to do 好象，似乎 5.call for 要求 6.wake sb. up 将某人叫醒 7.see sb.doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 8.use sth. for sth./doing sth. 利用某物做某事 9.spend…on… 在……上花费时间或金钱 10.be sure of 确信 11.these days 现在，目前 12.in alphabetical order 按字母表顺序排 列 13.look up 查阅 14.pay attention to 注意，专心 15.begin with 以……开始 16.and son on 等等 17.switch on 开（电灯，机器等） 18.ask （sb.）for sth. 向……要…… 二．重点句型 1. I’m sure robots can do some work better than humans. 2. I saw a UFO while I was walking down the street yesterday. 3. It looked like a plate. 它看上去像一个盘子。 4. Until now,even the scientists are not sure whether there are UFO. 5. We can shop without going out of our houses. 我们不出家门就能购物。 6. We can use the Internet for finding a job. 我们可以用网络来找工作。 7. We shouldn’t spend too much time on it.但是我们不应该在因特网上面花费太多的时间。 8. When you look up a word in the dictionary,pay attention to the first letter of the word. 三.语法学习 （一.）现在进行时与过去进行时的区别： １.现在进行时表示现在正在发生或正在做的事情，基本结构 be＋现在分词。如： 肯定句：The robots are making a car now. 这些机器人正在生产小汽车。 否定句：We are not studying on the Internet. 我们没有在互联网上学习。 疑问句：Is the teacher looking up the word in the dictionary？ 特殊疑问句：Ｗho am I talking to？我在和谁谈话？　 ２.过去进行时表示过去某一时间，正在发生或正在做的事情。基本结构 was（were）＋现在 分词。 肯定句：Ｗhen he came in,I was writing a letter.当他进来时，我在写一封信。 否定句：They weren’t watching TV while she was reading.　她读书时，他们没在看电视。 疑问句：Was the UFO flying to us at 8 last night ?昨晚８点 UFO 向我们飞来了吗？ 特殊疑问句：What were you drinking while we were sleeping? 进行时态往往用在时间状语从句中，常与 when,while 等连词搭配。 （二.）be sure 结构表示肯定和不肯定。be sure 一般用来表示肯定，be not sure（whether/if） 表示不肯定。be sure 后面可以跟不定式和宾语从句。跟不定式一般译为“一定……”，跟宾语 从句，译为“确信……”。 如：We are sure to repair the TV well. 我们一定修好这台电视机。 I’m sure you can finish your work. 我确信你能完成你的工作。 Are you sure whether（if）he switched the computer on? 四.交际用语：学习用英语谈论现代科技。 Topic 3 There are many old city walls in Beijing,aren’t there? 一. 重点词语 1. more than 超过 2.pull down 推倒，拆毁 3.heavy traffic 交通繁忙 4.wear out 磨损，用坏 5.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 6.do one’s best 尽（某人）最大努力 7.live models 真人模型 8.the ancient world 古代 9.be made up of 由……组成 10.join…together 把……连在一起 11.regard…as… 把……看作 12.be worn out 被损坏 二. 重点句型 1.Lots of them were pulled down in the 1960s. 他们当中许多在二十世纪六十年代被拆毁。 2.People thought them useless. 人们认为它们没有用。 3.It’s really too bad. 这太遗憾了。 4.We are doing our best to protect and rebuild the old city walls. 5.It is one of the“seven wonders”of the ancient world still standing. 6.It took 100,000 people over 20 years to build it. 修建它花了 10 万人二十多年的时间。 7.Since then,people regarded the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese nation. 8.Every year many people find great pleasure visiting the wall. 三. 语法学习 反意疑问句：由陈述句（或祈使句、感叹句）加一个简短问句构成的疑问句叫反意疑问 句。实质是前面陈述句的反问句。 一般对应规律：前肯后否；前否后肯。即陈述部分为肯定形式，附加问句用否定形式； 陈述部分为否定形式，附加问句用肯定形式。如： There are many pyramids in Egypt,aren’t there?在埃及有许多金字塔，不是吗？ Sally visited the Great Wall last month,didn’t she?萨莉上个月参观了长城，不是吗？ He doesn’t realize the importance of saving water,does he? 特例点拨：①I’m your good friend,aren’t I?我是你的好朋友，不是吗？I don’t think you can rebuild the house,can you?我认为你不能重修这座房子，是吗？（I don’t think…主要在说 think 后的内容，故按从句变化）。 ②陈述部分有 nobody,nothing,never,no,few（没几个），little（几乎没有），hardly（几乎不） 等否定或半否定词时，仍视为否定句。根据反意疑问句对应规律，疑问部分用肯定形式。 如：There is nothing in the room,is there?屋子里什么也没有，是吗？ Maria never surports me,does she? 玛丽亚从未支持过我，是吗？ He had few apples,did he? 他几乎没有苹果，是吗？ ③祈使句的反意疑问句：无论肯定或否定，通常在祈使句后加上 will you?如： Please close the door,will you?请关门好吗？ Don’t tear down the old walls,will you?不要拆毁古墙，好吗？ 但以 Let’s 开头的祈使句用 shall we?如： let’s make a survey,shall we?我们做个调查，好吗？ 四. 交际用语：学习用英语描述和谈论中外名胜古迹。