人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit3SectionA教材全解

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人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit3SectionA教材全解

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit3SectionA教材全解 Unit 3 How do you get to school?‎ Unit 3 Section A教材全解 ‎1.take the train 乘火车 ‎【重点注释】take动词,在此意为“乘(车、飞机、轮船等)”。“take a/the+交通工具名词”表示“乘坐某种交通工具”。例如:take a/the bus/train/subway/car/boat/plane乘坐公共汽车/火车/地铁/小汽车/船/飞机 John usually takes the school bus to school.约翰通常乘坐校车去上学。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】take的其他含义:①take意为“拿走;带走”。它强调将某人或某物从说话地点带到其他地方去。例如:I want to take some books to school.我想拿些书到学校。His father often takes him to the bookshop.他爸爸经常带他去书店。②take意为“买下”。例如:The sweater is very nice.I’ll take it.这件毛衣很漂亮。我买了。③与take相关的短语:take exercise运动;锻炼take photos照相,拍照take a seat坐下,坐坐take a walk散步take a rest休息take down取下take away拿走take out拿出 ‎2.ride a bike骑自行车 ‎【重点注释】ride vt.& vi.乘,骑,驾。动词形式:ride-rides-riding-rode。词组:ride a/the/one’s bike骑自行车 ride a horse骑马 例如:She wants to ride her bike to (go to )school.她想骑自行车去上学。We ride our horses in the park each morning. 我们每天早晨在公园里骑马。‎ ‎3.——Hey,Dave.How do you get to school?嘿,戴夫。你怎么去上学?‎ ‎ ——I walk.How about you,Sally?我步行。你呢,萨莉?‎ ‎ ——I ride my bike.我骑自行车。‎ ‎【重点注释】①How do you get to school?how疑问副词,意为“如何;怎样;以何种方式;用什么手段”。本句为how引导的特殊疑问句,基本结构为“How +do/does+sb.+go/get to+地点?”用以询问交通方式,译为“怎样”。例如:How do you get to your home?你是怎么回家的?——How do you usually go to school?你通常怎样去上学?——On foot./I take a bus.步行。/我乘(坐)公交车。‎ ‎【试题链接】—— do you usually go to school,Simon?‎ ‎ ——By bike.‎ A.When B.How C.What D.Where ‎(由答语可知,问句是询问交通方式,故用how来引导疑问句。问句句意:西蒙,你通常怎样去上学?答案:B。)‎ ‎【拓展记忆】对询问交通方式的回答,即交通方式的表达方法,主要有五种方式:‎ ‎1)take +a /the+表示交通工具的名词。这是动词短语,在句中作谓语。例如:I take the bus to school./I get(go)to school by bus./ I get(go)to school on the bus.我乘公共汽车到学校。‎ ‎2)by+表示交通工具的单数名词(该短语只能用单数名词,且交通工具前不能带冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等任何限定词)如:by bus/bike/train/taxi/plane;或by+交通路线的位置(地理名词),表示“通过……途径”‎ ‎。该短语也是只能用单数名词,且交通路线的位置(地理名词)前不能带冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等任何限定词,如:by air(乘飞机)/by water(从水路)/by land(从陆路)。‎ ‎3)on/in(in多用于封闭式交通工具in a/the car/taxi;on多用于开放式或半封闭式交通工具on a/the/bus/train/bike/boat)+限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等)+表示交通工具的名词。这是介词短语,作方式状语。‎ ‎4)动词(动词walk,ride,drive,fly等可直接表示交通方式,后接to再接地点名词)+to+地点名词。walk to +地点=go to +地点+on foot,ride (a bike )to +地点=go to +地点+by bike/on a bike; drive (a car) to+地点=go to +地点+by car/in a car;fly to+地点=go to +地点+by plane/on a plane(by air)。例如:I ride my bike to school./I get (go)to school by bike./ I get (go)to school on my bike.我骑自行车到学校。I fly to Beijing.‎/I go(get) to Beijing by plane/by air/on a plane.我乘飞机到北京。‎ ‎5)表示“步行去某地”可用“go(get) to +某地+on foot”,也可用“walk to +某地”。 例如:I walk to school./I get(go) to school on foot.我步行到学校。She walks there./She goes there on foot.(该句未用to,因为there是副词)‎ ‎②get作及物动词,后面可直接接名词作宾语,此时get 意为“得到”,例如:I want to get my pen back.我想要回我的钢笔。但get多数时候作不及物动词用,意为“到达”,需与介词搭配to构成动词短语再接宾语,组成词组“get to+某地”,意思是“到达某地”。但当表示目的地的词是副词here,there,home等时,则不需要用介词to。例如:They’ll get to Beijing at six tonight.他们将在今晚六点到达北京。(接地点名词)When do you get home every day?你每天几点到家?(接地点副词)。注意:get home/get to his home go home/go to my home ‎③I walk.=I walk to school.=I get to school on foot.‎ ‎ I ride my bike.=I ride my bike to school.=I get to school by bike/on my bike.‎ ‎ 注意:ride vt.骑自行车;骑马。I ride to my uncle’s.意思是“我骑自行车(或骑马)去我叔叔家。”(该句同义句转换?!)‎ ‎ 综上所述,课本的原句可另表示为:‎ ‎——Hey,Dave.How do you get to school?嘿,戴夫。你怎么去上学?‎ ‎ ——On foot.How about you,Sally?步行。你呢,萨莉?‎ ‎ ——By bike./On my bike.骑自行车。‎ ‎4.——How does Mary get to school?玛丽是怎样到学校的?‎ ‎ ——She takes the subway.她乘地铁。‎ ‎【重点注释】She takes the subway.完整句式是:She takes the subway to school.= She takes the subway to get to school.= She gets to school by subway.= She gets to school on a/the subway. 课本中的问句How does Mary get to school?也可以直接回答为“By subway.”. 例如:Go by subway— it'll take you forever if you go by bus.坐地铁去吧!要是你乘公共汽车去,得花很长的时间。‎ ‎5.one hundred and five一百零五 ‎ two hundred两百 ‎【重点注释】hundred是基数词,意为“百”。当表示具体的“几百”时,用“基数词+hundred”表示,注意此时hundred不加-s,即用单数形式;当“几百”后面接名词时,名词用复数形式。例如:two hundred old people200名老人。There are about etght hundred students in our school.我们学校大约有800名学生。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】①在表示具体数目,如“几百”、“几千”、“几百万”、“几十亿”时,hundred“百”,thousand“千”,million“百万”,billion“十亿”‎ 等用单数,如:five thousand birds,about three hundred pupils;②在表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”、“数十亿”等不确定数目时,在hundreds,thousands,millions,billions等后接“of+ 名词复数”,结构是“hundreds of+名词复数”(数百的;成百上千的……),“thousands of+名词复数”(数千的;成千上万的……),“millions of+名词复数”(数百亿的;成百亿的……),”billions of+名词复数”(数十亿的,成数十亿的……),注意此时hundred“百”,thousand“千”,million“百万”,billion“十亿”等词后有-s,即用复数,且后面有介词of,并且前面不能与具体的数词连用。例如:three hundred years三百年hundreds of trees数百棵树There are hundreds of people in the restaurant.这个餐馆里有数百人。‎ ‎【试题链接】Our school is so famous that people come and visit it every term. ‎ A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of ‎(当hundred表示概数时,前面不用基数词修饰,hundred用复数形式,与of连用;当hundred表示确切数目时,前面用基数词修饰,且hundred用单数形式,不与of连用。句意:我们学校是如此有名以至于每学期有数百人来参观。答案:D。)‎ ‎【试题链接】We planted trees last year. ‎ A.hundreds of B.hundred of C.five hundreds D.five hundred of ‎(hundred,thousand,million,billion等数词与具体数字连用时,用单数形式,后面不加-s;若与of连用表示约数时,后面必须加-s,且不可与数词连用。hundreds of意为“成百上千的”,所以选择答案A。)‎ ‎【归纳记忆】英语中,两位数和三位数的表达法:①两位数,在十位数与个位数之间加连字符“-”,如:28twenty-eight,96ninety-six。②三位数,在百位和十位(若无十位,则和个位)之间用and连接,如:148one hundred and forty-eight,205two hundred and five。③注意:千位数(即四位数)以上英语数字的表达方法:从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。‎ 于是表达如下:1003(1,003) one thousand and three; 2473(2,473)two thousand,four hundred and seventy- three;9743(9,743)nine thousand, seven hundred and forty-three;174301(174,301) one hundred and seventy-four thousand, three hundred and one;103000(103,000)one hundred and three thousand ;250500(250,500)two hundred and fifty thousand,five hundred;1300500(1,300,500)one million,three hundred thousand,five hundred。‎ ‎6.Lisa:Hey,Jane.Is this your new bike?嗨,简。这是你的新自行车吗?‎ ‎ Jane:Yes.I ride it to school every day.是的。我每天骑它去上学。‎ ‎ How do you get to school?你是怎样到学校的?‎ ‎ Lisa: I usually take the bus.我通常乘公共汽车。‎ ‎【重点注释】①new形容词,意为“新的;刚出现的“,其反义词是“old”。例如:It’s a new desk.它是一张新课桌。He is a new student.他是刚来的学生。This is my new friend.这是我的新朋友。There are some old houses here.这儿有一些旧房子。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,顺序是“形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词”。例如:my new cap我的新帽子her young ‎ son她年幼的儿子。‎ ‎②I ride it to school every day=I go to school on my new bike/by bike.我每天骑它去上学。此处it=my new bike。ride此处作及物动词(动词形式ride-rides-riding-rode),意为“骑(马等);骑/乘(自行车、摩托车等)”,后面直接跟bike,horse,motorbike等。例如:He rides a bike to school.=He goes to school by bike/on a bike.他骑自行车去上学。He rode to work on a bicycle.他骑自行车上班。Riding a bike is great exercise.骑自行车是很好的运动。He can ride a horse like(像……一样) a horseman.他马骑得和骑手一样好。Can you ride?你会骑马吗?‎ ‎【拓展记忆】ride还可作名词,意思是“(骑马、骑自行车或乘车的)旅行,旅程;车程”。例如:Would you like to go for a ride?你想出去兜风吗?She lives just a short bus ride from school.她住的地方从学校乘公交车就几站地。We went for a cycle ride on Sunday. 我们星期天骑自行车去兜风了。‎ ‎③every形容词,意为“每一;每个”,其后通常接单数可数名词。every day意为“每天”,是一般现在时的时间状语。例如:They are busy every day.他们每天都忙。Every student comes here。每一个学生都到这儿来了。I go there every day.我每天去那儿。I believe every word he says.我相信他说的每一句话。‎ ‎【比较记忆】each与every的区别:each与every都可用作形容词,在句中作定语,但each更强调个人或个别,every更强调全体或全部。each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”;every指许多人或事物的“全体”,与all的意思相近。例句:这条街上每边都有很多商店。[误]There are many shops on every side of the street.[正] There are many shops on each side of the street.我给她父母每人一件礼物。[误]I gave a present to every one of her parents. [正]I gave a present to each one of her parents.‎ ‎【辨析记忆】every day与everyday every day 表示某事发生的频率,意为“每天,天天”,在句中作状语。‎ We go to school every day.‎ 我们每天去上学。‎ everyday 形容词,意为“日常的,普通的”,在句中作定语。‎ I study everyday English every day.‎ 我每天学习日常英语。‎ ‎④课本原句I usually take the bus.=I usually take the bus to(get to )school.=I usually get to school by bus/on a bus.我通常乘公共汽车(到校)。‎ ‎7.Jane:How far is ti from your home to school?‎ 从你家到学校有多远(你家离学校多远)?‎ ‎ Lisa: I’m not sure…about 10 kilometers?The bus ride takes about 20 minutes。‎ ‎ 我不很肯定……大约有10千米?乘公共汽车大约需要20分钟。‎ ‎【重点注释】①how far意为“多远”,提问两地之间的距离、路程。How far is it?是询问距离有多远的句型。为明确“从……到……” 的距离,可在句尾加“from……to……”或者“from……”。回答时用“It’s…”。例如:1)——How far is the shop from here?商店离这儿有多远?——It’s not far.不远。2)——How far is it from your home to our school?从你家到我们学校有多远?——It’s five minutes’drive/walk.开车/步行五分钟时间的路程。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】①用来询问距离或路程远近的常用句型是:How far is it from A to B?或How far is B from A?意为“从A到B有多远?”,其答语是“It’s…meter(s)/mile(s)/kilometer(s)(away).”,意为“有……米/英里/千米(远)。”。例如:1)——How far is it from the park to the school?从公园到学校有多远?——It’‎ s about 3 miles.大约3公里。2)——How far is the school from the park?从公园到学校有多远(学校离公园多远)?——It’s about 3 miles.大约3公里。‎ ‎②在回答how far的提问时,通常有两种情形:1)有具体的数字时,应与away from连用,表示具体的距离的计算,口语中away可省略。2)没有具体数字时,应用far或near作答。例如:——How far is your home from your school?你家离学校有多远?——It’s twenty kilometers away from my school.我家离学校有20千米。——It’s very far.很远。(——It’s very near.很近。)‎ ‎【试题链接】—— is it from the village to your farm?‎ ‎ ——About 10 minutes’walk.‎ A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How far ‎(how often“多久一次”,提问频率;how soon“多长,多长时间”,提问一般将来时in引导的一段时间;how long“多长”,提问for引导的一段时间或物体长度;how far“多远”,提问距离。句意:从村庄到你农场有多远?走路大约十分钟。故选D。)‎ ‎②课本原句I’m not sure…about 10 kilometers?The bus ride takes about 20 minutes.我不很肯定……大约有10千米?乘公共汽车大约需要20分钟。1)该句中sure形容词,意为“肯定的;确定的”。例如:I’m not sure if he is Mr.Zhang.我不确定他是否是张先生。I’m sure that I’m right.我确信我是正确的。Be sure to finish your homework before supper.晚饭前一定要完成你的作业。2)该句中,bus ride搭配在一起就是“乘车;乘坐公共汽/公交车;搭巴士”(名词)的意思。例如:How much is the bus ride? 坐汽车要多少钱? The bus ride made the woman dizzy. 搭巴士让这个女人感觉头晕。课本该句中,因为主语the bus ride是一个第三人称单数形式,而时态又是一般现在时态,所以谓语动词takes要加s。课本该句中,take意为“花费/耗费/占用(时间等)”,例如:The work will take me two days.这项工作要花我2天时间。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】take作为“花费/耗费/占用(时间等)”等意思时,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或名词性的物以及v.ing短语。句式是:1)It takes/took sb.some time to do sth=To do sth.takes sb.some time. 意为“做某事花某人多少时间”。例如:It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。2)Sth.takes/took sb.some time.“某事花费某人多少时间”或Sth.takes some time.“某事花费多少时间”。例如:The work will take me two days.这项工作会占用我2天时间。The bus ride usually takes about 25minutes . 3)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,“做某事花了某人多少时间”。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。【注意】对以上句型中的时间提问,要用how long,意思是“做某事花费(某人)多长时间?”。例如:It usually takes me about half an hour to brush my teeth in the morning.(对画线部分提问)→How long does it usually take you to brush your teeth in the morning?‎ ‎8.Lisa:……How long does it take you to get to shool?‎ 你到学校花费(要用)多长时间?‎ ‎ Jane:About 15 minutes by bike.It’s good exercise.‎ 骑自行车大约15分钟。那是很好的锻炼。‎ ‎【重点注释】①It takes sb.some time to do sth.意为“做某事要花费某人多少时间”。it是形式主语;sb指某人;some time意为“,一些时间;一段时间”‎ ‎,可能指two days,three hours,five weeks,one year等等;动词不定式短语to do sth是真正主语,翻译汉语时应把真正的主语译在前面,it不需要翻译。该句原句式是:To do sth.takes sb. some time.但一般不这么说。例如:It took us two days to go to Beijing from Rizhao.(To go to Beijing from Rizhao took us two days,该句显得头重脚轻,所以一般不这样说)从日照到北京我们花了两天时间。It took me half an hour to go to school by bike yesterday.昨天我骑自行车去学校花了半个小时。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】spend也是“花费”的意思,但spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。(与It takes sb.some time to do sth.是同义句) (2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(与It takes sb.some time to do sth.是同义句)(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。‎ ‎②若对It takes sb.some time to do sth.句型中的一段时间提问,要用“How long does it take sb. to do sth.?”句式,意为“干某事花费某人多长时间?”。例如:It took us two days to go to Beijing from Rizhao. (对画线部分提问) →How long did it take you to go to Beijing from Rizhao? ‎ ‎③课本原句中的how long意为“多长时间”,用以询问某个动作所持续的时间,其谓语动词为延续性动词,答句为表示一段时间的名词性短语。例如:——How long will we stay here?我们要在那儿呆多久?——About a week.大约一周。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】how long表示“时间的长短或物体的长度”。1)提问时间的长短,其答语常常是“for(可以省略)+时间段(一段时间)”。例如:——How long does it take to get to your house?到你家需要多久?——Twenty minutes.20分钟。They waited for me for about 45 minutes. (对画线部分提问)→How long did they wait for you? 2)提问某事物的具体长度,其答语直接加长度。例如:——How long is the desk?这张桌子有多长?——1.2meters.1.2米。‎ ‎④About 15 minutes by bike.骑自行车大约15分钟。by介词,意为“乘(交通工具)” ,后接名词单数,不加冠词;by bike意思是“骑自行车”,表示方式,相当于on a /the /one’s bike.例如:I go to school by bike (on my bike).我骑自行车去上学。Tom goes to school by bike,but Peter goes to school by bus.汤姆骑自行车上学,但彼得乘坐公共汽车去上学。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】by bike与ride a bike的区别:二者意思都是“骑自行车”,by bike是方式状语,不能作谓语,而ride a bike是动宾短语,在句中作谓语部分。例如:——How do you usually come to school?你通常是怎么来上学的?——I usually come to school by bike.= I usually ride a bike to school.我通常骑自行车去上学。‎ ‎⑤It’s good exercise. 那是很好的锻炼。exercise泛指“锻炼”时,不可数名词,如:take exercise 锻炼身体 take more exercise多锻炼;exercise表示“体操”或“练习(题)”时是可数名词,要用复数形式。如:do morning exercises(做早操),do eye exercises(做眼保健操),do English exercises(做英语练习)。‎ ‎9.Lisa:Yeah.Well,have a good day at school.‎ 是的。哦。祝你在学校度过快乐的一天。‎ ‎ Jane:You,too. 你也是。‎ ‎【重点注释】have a good day=have a nice day =have a good time= have fun玩的开心;过得愉快。Have a good day!同How are you doing?‎ ‎ 一样,是一句在美国极为流行的口头禅。Have a good day!是大家在分手时常说的,自然特别熟的人之间可以只说声“Bye bye”甚至See ya。ya是you 的口语,但说上一句Have a good day!则显得更加热情友好,让对方心里感到暖洋洋的。在公共场合,如超市、百货商店、理发馆、银行、药店、机场、餐厅等,顾客离开时十之八九必能听到服务人员这句亲切的话语,它几乎成了道别的标准词。许多情况下,你在打完询问服务的免费电话后,也能听到这句话。对这句话的回答可以是“You have a good day, too”。不过多数人都不会这么啰嗦,说声“You,too”或“Thank you。”也就可以了。‎ ‎10.Does Jane walk to school?简步行去上学吗?‎ ‎【重点注释】①在一般现在时态中,当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式(一般在词尾加-s)。在变为一般疑问句时,在句首加助动词Does,谓语动词变为原形;便否定句时,在主语之后、谓语动词之前加doesn’t,谓语动词变为原形。例如:Mary likes music.玛丽喜欢音乐。→Does Mary like music? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t.→Mary doesn’t like music.‎ ‎②walk在此作动词,意为“步行”。表示“步行去某地”可用短语walk to,后接表示地点的名词,后接副词时省略to。例如:They walk to school every day.他们每天步行去上学。The park is near here.Let’s walk there.公园在这附近,咱们步行去那儿吧。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】walk表示“步行”时,相当于go…on foot.例如:Let’s walk to school.=Let’s go to school on foot.咱们步行去上学吧。They walk to school every day.=They go to school on foot every day.他们每天步行去上学。The park is near here.Let’s walk there.= The park is near here.Let’s go there on foot.公园在这附近,咱们步行去那儿吧。‎ ‎11.Does your dad drive his car to wor?你爸爸开车去上班吗?‎ ‎【重点注释】该句是一般现在时态,单数第三人称单数,一般疑问句,句式是:Does +主语+V.原形+……?Does开头,动词drive需用原形,而不用单三形式。drive及物动词,意为“驾驶;开车送”。drive his car to work相当于go to work by car.所以本句还可改为:Does your dad go to work by car?例如:Her aunt drives a bus.她姑姑开公共汽车。Her brother often drives her.她哥哥经常开车送她。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】driver名词,意为“驾驶员;司机”。例如:His father is a driver.He drives a bus.他爸爸是一名司机。他开公共汽车。‎ ‎12.…lives about five kilometers from school.住在离学校大约5千米处。‎ ‎【重点注释】live不及物动词,意为“居住;生活”,不及物动词是不能直接跟宾语的,其后若跟名词必须在名词前或动词后加适当的介词,构成介词宾语。例如:I like to live in the country.我喜欢住在农村。——Where does he live?他住在哪儿?——He lives in Tokyo.他住在东京。She lives away from her parents.她没有和父母住在一起。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】①live on sth.意为“以某物为食”。例如:Sheep live on grass.羊以草为食。They live on rice.他们以大米为生。‎ ‎②live a…life意为“过……生活”。例如:The old man lives a happy life.这个老人过着幸福的生活。‎ ‎③live to be……活到……岁。例如:People will live to be 200 years old。人们将活到200岁。‎ ‎【比较记忆】live与stay的区别:‎ live 表示一个生活的状态。‎ live in New York表示长期生活在纽约。‎ stay 表示一个暂时的停留。‎ stay in New York表示在纽约停留一段时间,之后可能还要去别的地方。‎
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