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英语(心得)之高考英语中倒装结构实例浅析
英语论文之高考英语中倒装结构实例浅析 高考英语中倒装结构实例浅析 杨彬 贵州遵义市第五中学 贵州 遵义 563000 英语句子的语序通常是主语位于谓语之前,这是正常语序。而英语中的倒装有两种:全倒装和部分倒装。如果谓语动词全部置于主语前面的,叫完全倒装。如只有一部分即只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语前面的,叫部分倒装。运用倒装:一是为了结构需要,一是为了强调。从近几年的高考命题形式来看,考查倒装句用法的试题比较多。下面就近几年高考中涉及的倒装句用法、结合实例分别解析如下。1 全倒装在以here、there、up、in、out、away、off等表示方位的副词开头的句子里以及作地点状语的介词短语放在句首时,句子使用全倒装。但主语是代词时,主谓不倒装。例如:1、At the foot of the mountain .(06四川)A、a village lies B、lies a villageC、does a village lie D、lying a village答案:B解析:因为介词短语为地点状语而且置于句首,句子要用完全倒装形式。At the foot of the mountain 是状语。句意为“山脚下有一个村庄”。2、In the dark forests ,some large enough to hold several English towns.(05辽宁)A、stand many lakes B、lie many lakesC、many lakes lie D、many lakes stand答案:B解析:因为in the dark forests 是作地点状语,所以句子要用全部倒装。2 部分倒装2.1限定倒装以only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句(自身不倒装)位于句首时,常用部分倒装。例如:1、Only after my friend came .(05福建)A、did the computer repair B、he repaired the computerC、was the computer repaired D、the computer was repaired答案:C解析:因为only位于句首且后面带了时间状语,所以句子的谓语部分用倒装语序。Computer是动作的承受者,应用被动语态。Only位于句首引起倒装必须有两个条件;其一是位于句首;其二是修饰状语。二者同时满足才能引起倒装。2.2否定倒装 表示否定意义副词或短语开头的句子,需采用部分倒装形式。如:never、little、seldom、hardly、rarely、scarcely、nowhere、nothing、by no means、in no time、in no way、in no case、not until、not only……but also、no sooner……than、hardly……when、neither……nor等。例如:1、Never before in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.(05上海)A、has this city been B、this city has beenC、was this city D、this city was2、The old couple had been married for 40 years and never once with each other.(03全国)A、they had quarreled B、they have quarreledC、have they quarreled D、had they quarreled答案分别是A、D。因为这些句子的开头都有表示否定意义的词,所以应该用部分倒装形式。2.3结构倒装 在so/such……that结构中,so/such ……置于句首时采用部分倒装。例如:1、 about the wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(05江苏)A、So curious the couple was B、So curious were the coupleC、How curious the couple were D、The couple was such curious答案为B。2.4让步倒装 As/though/that引导的让步状语从句需采用部分倒装形式,其句型为:“形容词/名词/副词/动词原形+as+主语+be/情态动词。”单数名词前应省去冠词a/an。最高级前省去the,此句型也可采用be动词谓语前置倒装形式。例如:1、 ,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.(05重庆)A、A quiet student as he may be B、Quiet student as he may beC、Be a quiet student as he may D、quiet as he may be a student答案B。解析:形容词+名词+as+主语+谓语是这一典型倒状句。常将表语、状语提前,该句式中名词前的冠词需省略。句意为:“尽管他是个文静的学生,他课下却谈了很多他喜欢的歌星。”2.5省略if的倒装 在if引导的虚拟语气中,谓语动词有were、had、或should等时可将if省掉,把这些词语移到主语之前。例如:Were I you (=If I were you), I would do the work better.2.6其它倒装形式 代替肯定句表“……也是如此”时,要用“so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”,而“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”则表示“……的确如此”。代替否定句表“……也不是这样”时,要用“neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”。若其前面的句子谓语动词的种类不同或谓语动词的肯定和否定皆有,必须使用So it is with……/It is the same with……例:1、Mary never does any reading in the evening, (05全国)A、so does John B、John does too.C、John doesn’t too. D、nor does John2、I would never come to this restanrant again. This food is terrible.— .A、nor am I B、neither would IC、same with me D、so do I3、If Joe’ s wife won’t go to the party, .(07全国卷II)A、he will either B、neither will heC、he neither will D、either he will答案分别为D、B、B。这几句都是代替否定句,表“也不” 之意,要用neither/nor后加部分倒装的形式以上举例分析的都属于修辞倒装,倒装还有另一类是语法结构的需要而进行倒装,这类倒装是必须的,构成各种语法句式,否则就是语法错误。不论是哪一类倒装,只要我们在平时的学习中不断加以积累,认真领会,就会融会贯通。查看更多