英语(心得)之英语高考口试应考策略

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英语(心得)之英语高考口试应考策略

英语论文之英语高考口试应考策略 ‎ 英语高考口试应考策略一、上海市高考英语口语考试简介 1. 考试性质·   上海市高考英语口语考试是为高校外语及相关专业招生提供录取参考依据而进行的考试。它的指导思想是有助于高等学校选拔新生、有助于中学深入实施英语教育改革和对学生语言实践能力的培养。·   考试对象为2005年报考外语专业及相关涉外专业的考生。2. 考试目标上海市高考英语口语考试主要测试考生的英语口语表达能力。其考核目标为:1、能掌握基础语言知识和技能,用清楚、正确的语音、语调朗读中等难度的文章。2、能运用语言功能和意念正确、流利地来进行询问和回答问题,提出请求和要求,提供解释,表明态度等。(考生需要掌握的语言功能和意念见2005年上海卷考试手册。)3、能根据自己的经历和经验,对熟悉的话题表达观点和看法。4、能叙述和描述生活中一些常见的活动和现象,并对它们进行简单的评论。3. 考试形式·   上海市高考英语口语考试采用电脑辅助的形式,在相应考点实验室内进行。考生从电脑屏幕上看到或从耳机中听到试题,然后对着话筒答题。·   试卷分为5大部分,共12题。·   考试时间约10分钟,包括听答题指令、听或阅读试题、准备答题和答题的时间,各大题之间有10秒钟的音乐。4. 考试成绩考试总分为100分,成绩分为A、A-、B、B-、C、C-、D七个等级。5. 试卷结构 ‎ ‎ 题号 题型 题量 分值 答题时间 Part One 短文朗读 1题 10分 准备1分钟 朗读30秒 Part Two 快速应答 5题 10分(每小题2分) 每小题4秒 Part Three 情景提问 4题 20分(每小题5分) 每小题10秒 Part Four 谈话 1题 30分 准备1分钟 答题1分钟 Part Five 看图说话 1题 30分 准备1分钟 答题1分钟 总计 12题 100分 ‎ ‎  二、     英语高考口试各题型分析及答题策略:Part One: Passage Reading1.       题型特点:朗读部分主要考查考生的语音语调,意群停顿,语气转换,自然流畅的连读、失爆等朗读技巧以及对短文和句子的阅读流利程度。朗读部分的短文一般为叙述性或说明性,多为小故事。文中出现的词汇均属于高中毕业生应掌握的范围。2.       语音基础(1) 容易读错的音尤其注意以下四个元音/i:, i, e, æ /和/θ, ð/。学生在初学时要掌握发音要领,平时要养成良好的发音习惯,否则读音会与标准相差甚远。If  /if/    speed /i:/     ▲say /ei /        says /e/   said /e/---sad /æ/此外,th的读音也是一个问题。thanks 应读/θ/,而许多学生由于平时随意,读成/s/。发/θ//ð/这两个音最重要的技巧是将舌尖放在上下牙齿当中,然后送气。(2) 语调 升调与降调。升调一般用于句首状语和一般疑问句,选择问句前半部分以及句中最后一个并列成分前。Do you study very hard?↗Is this your task? ↗When I was a child↗, I would go to the small river to swim in summer.I have three English books↗, two Chinese dictionaries↗, and five pens.降调一般用于陈述句句尾和特殊疑问句,尤其注意一般疑问句的回答。如:-Do you mind if I open the door? ↗-Yes↘, I do↘.这里的Yes和 do都必须是降调。(3)‎ ‎ 连读和失爆连读较容易,既相邻近的一个辅音与一个元音连在一起读。如:half an hour/take care of the baby/here and there/not at all/ran out of the room失爆是朗读中较难掌握的技巧。当相邻两个辅音在一起时,前一个辅音一般不发音,但保留其位置,发后一个辅音的音。如:Good day./ He is a bad boy./ good morning/ I don’t believe.      (4) 意群停顿 意群为意思群,英语称为sense group ( A sense group of words has specific meaning. Before you read a sentence, you must find the sense groups. Between sense groups, you can have a pause. If you pause at a wrong place, the listeners will hear a broken sentence. It doesn’t make any sense.)试读样题:Sunday, May 14, is Mother’s Day in the United States this year. It is the special day when Americans honor their mothers. Writer Julia How made the first known suggestion for a Mother’s Day in the United States. That was in 1875, Ms. How said it should be a day to celebrate peace. For several years she held a yearly Mother’s Day meeting in June in the city of Boston. Mother’s Day, as it is celebrated now, began with a woman named Anna Jarvis. She wrote thousands of letters to public officials. She urged that the second Sunday in May be declared Mother’s Day. In 1914, President and the United States Congress agreed. After that, the second ‎ Sunday in May became a day of public expression of love for mothers throughout the country.3.       易犯的错误:l         一些考生在朗读时语速过快,想要读完全文。另一些考生又读的过慢。l         读错时停顿、重复会影响考分。l         部分考生由于平时不注意积累,短短一篇文章,读错数个单词。l         有些考生朗读时发音、语速都可以,但语调平淡逐字逐句朗读短文也会影响考分。4.       应试策略:l  利用准备时间快速通览全文,对文章的长度,单词的难易有一个大致的了解。l  短文中的词汇通常为高考词汇表范围,个别人名和地名除外。不认识的单词朗读时不要停顿或重复,可根据字母组合以正常的语速朗读。l  朗读的语速不要太快,或太慢。以80单词/ 分钟为宜。注意朗读的30秒钟不要求也不可能读完所给文章,只需按正常语速保持朗读的流利程度。l  保持良好的心态,应试时无需过多考虑技巧,否则影响正常状态,反而可能失分。Part Two: Quick Response1.       题型特点:要求考生对一些日常交流常会遇到的句子进行正确应答。难点是没有情景提示,考生必须在听到句子后的瞬间不假思索地做出反应。2.       易犯的错误l  没有控制答题时间,有的考生习惯于考虑是否正确会在下一个问题播出时才回答前一个问题,结果两道题均失分。l  因中外文化差异及文化背景,考生不能做出正确应答。例如:当听到: “Your English is very good.”‎ 不能按照中国人传统的谦虚美德回答 : “No, no, it’s so poor.”恰恰相反,应该高兴地说: “Thank you.”l 回答pardon! 要扣分。3.       应试策略l  放松心态,根据当时的场景及对话者的身份进行恰当的回应。l  听到句子后,应搞清句子类型:是一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句,是陈述句还是祈使句。特殊疑问句应抓住:疑问词-它决定答句的内容;助动词-它决定答句的时态。如:-What do you do to keep fit? What问“做什么?”“do you do” 答句应用一般现在时。可答-I take morning exercise to keep fit.又如:I missed the last bus and had to walk home last night.这是一句陈述句,对方是在告诉你昨天的一件不幸的事情。你应有的反应:必须表示遗憾,也可做些询问。可答:-Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. When did you get home then?又如:-I’m really grateful to you.对方是表示感谢,可答:- It’s my pleasure. I’m glad I can be helpful。也可答:-You are welcome.注意以下的情景:①-Don’t forget to post the letter for me! 这是一句否定祈使句,由于受汉语的影响,不少学生会答-Yes, I won’t.  正确答句为:-No, I won’t.②-Would you mind if I leave my bicycle here for a while? 同样受汉语的影响,不少学生会答-Yes, of course. Yes,是说我介意,你不能停在这里。而of course是说你当然能停在这里,前后矛盾。正确的回答应是-Yes, I would. 或 –No, not at all./ of course not.③-Hello! Could I speak to Mr. Brown, the ‎ head of the department? 的正确的回答应是-Speaking./This is Mr. Brown speaking. 而不能答-I am Mr. Brown.l 平时可以通过阅读书籍、报纸、杂志,收听英语节目或歌曲,观看原版片等可能的机会多接触英语。通过潜移默化和逐步积累,得到越来越多的英语文化背景知识。l  复习要点:① Book I—VI 对话部分② 熟悉考试手册中英语科P64-73共33项语言功能l  提醒:不可以反问pardon, 算错误回答。但可以作简短回答,如:by bus/ by bike.Part Three: Situational Questions (Ask two questions about each situation given below, at least one special question.) 1.       题型特点:       为一些特定的场景提出问题,而且其中一定要有特殊疑问句。2.       易犯的错误:l  因紧张而造成焦虑,对提供的场景无法正确提出问题。l  未理解题目要求,问题中没有出现特殊疑问句。3.       应试策略:l  答题要点:学会仔细观察题目提供的情景及地点,并分析情景中提到的人物之间的关系,搞清几个要素:主角是谁,谈话对象是谁,时间、地点、内容如何。即when, where, what’s happening, whom are you talking to? 如:例1   One of your classmates has made great improvements in his spoken English.        分析 The classmate has made great progress. You are wondering how and what he has done to make it.问题  ① What have you done to improve ‎ your spoken English?② How long do you practice speaking English every day?例2  You are going to write an article on space flight, so you want to borrow some reference books from the library. Ask the librarian for help.分析 This is a typical situation about asking for help. You want to borrow a book on a certain field.问题 ① Would you please show me some reference books on space flight?② How long can I keep the book?③ What books can I have if I’d like to write an article on space flight?例3   Your friend lost his bag. Ask two questions to show you concern.分析:You need to express your sympathy first. You may ask about the result, or you may offer to help.问题 ① I’m sorry to hear that, but is there anything I can do to help you?② Where did you last see your bag?例4   You want to buy a pair of running shoes.分析:You are now in a shoe shop. You are asking the shop assistant questions.问题 ① Do you sell men’s running shoes here?② Where are the shoes made?③ What is the brand of the shoes?例5   John is in hospital.分析:You are asking the classmate about John. You need to express your concern .问题 ① what’s the matter with John?② When was John sent to hospital?③ How is John feeling now?④ Is he feeling better now?⑤ When will he be out of hospital?⑥ What did the ‎ doctor say?l  注意事项:两个问题不要问同一信息,若问同一信息,第二个问题不得分。如:① How is John feeling now? ② Is he feeling better now? 这两个问题不能同时问。Part Four: Topic Talk1.       题型特点:要求考生围绕某话题发表观点,连续表达6句符合逻辑的完整的句子。实际上是一篇口头小作文---oral composition。考生回答时,时态、语态必须正确。2.       易犯的错误:l  偏离所给话题,答非所问。l   准备不充分,表诉时颠三倒四,结结巴巴,缺乏条理。l  语法错误多。常见的语法错误有:时态不一致;单数第三人称行为动词忘加 “s”;人称代词he和she混淆。l  没有说满6句话,空余时间太长。l  说得过多,反而增加犯错误的机会。3.       应试策略:l  充分理解题目含义,抓住题目中心。l  准备阶段抓紧时间,将要说的6句话在心中默说一遍,理清头绪。正式考时,最好不要停顿或重复。l 既然是composition,就必须按照段落的要求,有beginning, body and conclusion。Beginning要开门见山的提出文章的topic sentence,body 部分给出support details,这是全文的重点,篇幅也最大。Conclusion中应再次重申观点,但不能做简单的重复。其次,要有内容。如样题:Do you think people should be encouraged to buy their own cars? Why or why not? 你应该先表明支持还是反对,然后从几个方面进行具体论证,让人听后感觉确实如此。如:In my opinion, people shouldn’t be ‎ encouraged to buy their own cars.First, more cars will result in more traffic jams and even road accidents. There is already too heavy traffic in Shanghai. People find it great inconvenience on the way to go and from work. Besides, roads in Shanghai are not wide enough to allow more cars.Second, the fumes given out from car engines will pollute the air. As a result, people will suffer from different diseases.Third, more oil will be consumed if more people have their own cars.In a word, it’s better to encourage people to take public transport instead of buying private cars.l  注意事项:①至少说六句。若有时间留下也没关系,不要硬凑。②口试时,不要过多考虑语言的正确性,也不要太顾虑语法,用词,句型,否则会影响表达的流畅。③谈话部分配有图片,仅作参考,可以围绕图片展开,也可完全忽略。Part Five: Picture Talk1. 题型特点:考生根据图片所提供的信息,以提示句开头,用连贯的6句话(不包括提示句),描述图中发生的一切。考生应做到内容切题,层次分明,用词得当,句子结构正确、自然、流畅。考生回答的内容不是测试重点,句子的语法结构、准确性和连贯性才是测试重点,同时也考查考生的观察能力、分析能力、想象能力和总结归纳的能力。2. 易犯的错误:l  抓不住图片内容的重点,容易离题。l  没有以提示句为开头,而是将提示句放在当中或结尾。l  ‎ 时态不一致。如果提示句为一般过去时,考生回答若用一般现在时,将会被扣分。l  不使用连接词,句子与句子之间缺少连贯性。l  描诉图片时,漏掉一幅。l  由于时间的限制和对图片的理解不到位,考生没有说满6句话。3. 应试策略:l  准备阶段是关键。首先看懂图片,看清各种提示:人物,时间,地点等。并仔细观察各个细节,将图片之间的联系搞清楚,确定一个主题,围绕提示句,清楚地按照逻辑顺序,逐张描述图片。l 由于时间限制,可以平均用一到两句话描述每一张图片。在描述的最后,应该给予简要的总结或评论。l  注意表达的准确性,不要用不恰当的词语。若某一内容的词不肯定或不会,可采取间接表达法,也就是通过另外一两个句子来表达与该句接近的意思。但口语应力求简洁明了,不要用过长的句子,如主从复合句等书面语。l  时态—若开始句为一般现在时,图片的叙述也应以现在时为主;若开始句为现在进行时,则以现在进行时为主。        l  人称—若开始句以第一人称描述,则图片的叙述也应用第一人称。l  注意表达的连贯性。每句句子在逻辑上和结构上都要与前一句句子衔接起来,关键在于按照逻辑顺序使用连接词。可像讲一个微型故事一样,有时可稍加想象。l  注意平时多训练。考生平时可以找一些图片,根据图片提供的信息来描述图中发生的一切。试做样题:One day, an old woman and a young man got on a bus.分析:got 说明时态应为过去时;an old woman and a young man ‎ 可确定人称为第三人称。主题为:尊老爱幼,主动让位。Reference version: One day, an old woman and a young man got on a bus. Since every seat was occupied, they had to stand on the bus. On seeing this, a middle-aged man stood up and offered the old woman his seat. To his surprise, the young man, not the old woman, sat down quickly. The middle-aged man got angry and he shouted at the young man and urged him to stand up. But to his astonishment, the old woman told him with a smile that the young man was her grandson. The man could say nothing but opened his mouth wide. 最后一点提示:由于相隔两边的考生考试题目都不一样,因此上机考试时,考生一定要对着话筒大声地朗读回答,否则可能会录入旁边考生的声音或录入的声音听不清而导致无法评分。       ‎
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