英语（心得）之浅议新题型文章七选五特征及解题技巧

英语（心得）之浅议新题型文章七选五特征及解题技巧

英语论文之浅议新题型文章七选五特征及解题技巧 ‎ ‎　　四川高考将不再自主命题，改为统一使用全国卷二，英语试卷将增加一种新题型 “补全文章七选五”，该题型会提供一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，其中有两个选项是多余的，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。因为之前没有进行过这种题型的训练，所以很多学生认为这种新题型难度较大，下面我就这种新题型的特征，解题思路和技巧谈谈我的理解和看法。‎ ‎　　首先，我们先来看看空白处常常会设置在哪些位置。通过研究大量习题我们不难发现，空白处常常出现四处地方：一 文章首段，要求选择文章的主题句。二 段落首句，要求选择每段标题句。三段中，要求选择细节支撑句或过渡句。四 段末，要求选择总结句。‎ ‎　　一 文章首段。 通常情况下，文章的主题句会出现在文章第一段，该句高度概括全文的中心思想。如果主题句出现在第一段的段末，前面会出现一些提示词信号， 如：连词but, 副词however。特别是建议类说明文，文章的主题句常常都会出现在第一段的段末。‎ ‎　　二 ‎ 段落首句。每段的标题句或段首句往往是该段落的主题句，高度概括该段的中心思想。标志为前面有一些特殊的符号或数字，有些标题句会采用黑体加粗的形式。值得一提的是：标题句常常是以单词，短语或短句的形式出现，多数情况下是祈使句，了解标题句的特征能帮助学生快速缩小选项范围，提高解题速度。如果选择的是大标题，应该重点眼界第一段和最后一段。如果选择的是小标题，应该读懂下面的整个段落，并根据段落中的关键词归纳总结主旨或中心。标题句的干扰项主要可以从下面几个方面来排除：一 切口过大， 过于宽泛。二 切口过小， 以偏概全。三 偏离主题。‎ ‎　　三 段中句。段中句选项考察的如果是细节或事例，请注意看该细节或事例是否与标题句紧密联系，是否给段首标题句提供有力的理论支撑。如果选项考察的是段落间的过度句，可以使用瞻前顾后的方法寻找提示，即：阅读上一段的结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段的结尾会有机地衔接起来， 并结合下一段的内容， 看所选的答案是否能将两段的内容连贯起来。在选择正确的段中句时， 我们一定要理清句子与句子之间的关系，从逻辑意义上看， 语段的句子与句子之间的关系分为并列， 顺序， 层递， 转折， 总分，解释，因果等，理解材料一定要把握语脉， 理清句子与句子之间的关系。语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系来分析外， 还可借助句子之间的链接词李艾把握。常用的链接词有：因果关系：so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result 并列关系：first, second, third; firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; for one thing, for another thing 转折关系：however, nevertheless,‎ ‎ still, tough, yet, otherwise四 段末句。总的来讲，一篇文章会呈现出总-分-总的结构。段尾句是段落的总结，常常与段首句首尾呼应。在选择尾句时，应该结合前文内容， 查找相同词， 同义词或其他相关的信息词，从而概括出结论句， 注意在选项中查找表示结果， 结论，总结等的信号词。如：therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, in a word等。总结性句子的干扰项主要可以考虑选项是否节外生枝，与上文脱节或完全无关。了解这一特征有助于快速排除干扰项。‎ ‎　　了解该题型的问题设置特征后，我们来尝试总结关于七选五的解题方法供大家参考。首先应该注重首段，了解文章的主旨。其次看空白出的前句和后句，找出空前空后句中的关键信号词，我们可以通过比较选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。第三，观察选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外，我们可以通过句子的逻辑关系或者句子的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置；另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。第四，注意代词或定冠词，代词或定冠词可能会出现在空前空后句，也有可能出现在选项中，无论这些词出现在哪，我们一定要清楚句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们需要把这类句型对接到空前空后句和选项中。最后，注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要精读这句话的意思，对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的：当用why来提问时，回答时要有because等表原因的词，当用when来提问时，回答时要有表时间的状语，当用where来提问时，回答时要有表地点的名词，当用how来提问时，回答时要有方式状语等。我们具体来看两篇文章实例。‎ ‎　　文章实例一：‎ ‎　　Why is communication important?‎ ‎　　The importance of communication cannot be denied, Using effective communication skills is very important to relationships and to success at work. There are a number of reasons that communication is so important to us. Here are a few：‎ ‎　　36 When you clearly communicate your wants, your needs, and your intentions, there will be no misunderstanding. Many of our arguments and disagreements occur--simply because one of us did not communicate clearly.‎ ‎　　Another example of the importance of communication can be seen in the medical field. When a doctor tells a patient his ‎ diagnosis and gives instructions for care and medicine, it is critical that the patient understands exactly what the doctor intends to communicate. 37Strengthen relationships - We get to know each other （either in business or personally） by talking and listening. 38. People like people they know. In business, the more personable business person, who showed an interest in his customer, wins the sale--every time--over the business person who is aloof and shows no interest in the customer, whatsoever!‎ ‎　　Relieve stress 39 You feel as if some of the burden has been lifted from you when a friend listens and shows that she cares.‎ ‎　　Increase confidence - When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. And that helps to increase your confidence! Another indicator of the importance of communication.‎ ‎　　The importance of Communication Skills becomes obvious when you think of the many times that you communicate with someone during a single day. 40A Build trustB Prevent misunderstandings.‎ ‎　　C Otherwise, serious results could occurD Knowing more about someone strengthens that relationshipE Taking the time to improve your communication skills is definitely worth the effortF ‎ Talking about your problems and stress actually helps to relieve your stress and anxietyG No matter what, interpersonal skills are the foundation of any relationship, business or personal.‎ ‎　　解题分析：36题为段首句，该段内容讲的是人与人之间因为缺乏交流而造成误解，所以，在7个答案中，答案B和该段其后的内容相符合。38题位于段中，从该段主题句Strengthen relationships得知该段介绍交流沟通在增强人际关系方面的作用，所以正确答案是D 。39题位于句中， 从该段主题句Relieve stress得知该段介绍交流沟通在缓解压力方面的作用，所以正确答案是F。 40题在尾段，属于全文总结，既然文章都在讲交流沟通的重要性，那么我们在学习交流沟通技巧方面所做的努力和所花的时间应该都是值得的，正确答案是E。37题有一定难度，但是在缩小选择范围的情况下，我们也能很容易排除错误答案A和G。‎ ‎　　文章实例二：‎ ‎　　Guides on how to prevent hair lossHair loss is a condition that affects a good number of the human population. There are many reasons for that. 36Drink at least eight glasses of water as the day wears on if you want to improve the texture （质地） of your hair. Water helps to reduce the free radicals （ 自由基） inside your body, so that you can have a strong head of hair for many ‎ years. Make water your primary lien-lid during the day.‎ ‎　　37 Research has shown that men who live in polluted neighborhoods may experience hair loss, because pollutants enter their bloodstream and damage their hair.‎ ‎　　Find at least one hour during the day to exercise. 38 Aim to exercise at least three days a week to keep a healthy head of hair.‎ ‎　　Keep a balanced diet, including plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. Keeping your whole body healthy will also keep your hair healthy, and healthier hair is likely to last longer. 39Making sure that you're eating foods rich in iron is a great way you can help strengthen your hair and prevent it from falling out. Think of eating foods like green leafy vegetables, liver, raisins （葡萄干） and other dried fruits, and even whole grain cereals. 40A. Avoid areas high in pollution.‎ ‎　　B. These food sources are a great source of iron.‎ ‎　　C. To prevent hair loss, work with what you have.‎ ‎　　D. The following tips will help you prevent hair loss.‎ ‎　　E. It is difficult to find the source of hair loss due to its many causes.‎ ‎　　F. Exercising helps to reduce stress and remove waste from your body.‎ ‎　　G. Keeping your hair healthy will result in shinier hair, improving your appearance.‎ ‎　　解题分析： 36题为首段末句， 根据总分总的规律应该是文章的主题句， 观察7个选项中，选项D应该就是正确答案，我们从每段的首句看出，每段都是首段的支撑点，且首句都是祈使句，所以， 根据第三段中的polluted ,pollutants 两个关键词，很容易找到37题的正确答案是A，因为该选项也出现了关键词pollution.38题位于句中， 该句主题句为“Find at least one hour during the day to exercise”，所以答案是F，应为该选项中复现了关键词“Exercising”39题和40题都是关于饮食在头发健康中所起的作用，40的主题句“Making sure that you're eating foods rich in iron is a great way you can help strengthen your hair and prevent it from falling out”提到食物中铁的含量有益于增强发质健康，还提到很多含铁高的食物，所以B选项是正确答案，答案中的“these”这个关键词也给我们提供了该正确选项的依据。‎ ‎　　文章七选五这种新题型对四川的考生和老师都是新的挑战。‎ ‎ 通过对高考真题的分析与研究，我对该题型的解题方法及应试技巧做了如上粗浅的总结与分析。尽管这些方法还不成熟，但实践表明，我的学生通过学习及练习后，能够达到比较满意的分数，我们将在今后的教学和练习中不断完善总结，争取2016年高考中在这一板块上少失分。‎